A hardy hunter, in whose genes it is laid to bring game to the master.

The brightest sign of a spaniel can be called long ears. And I can not even believe that it originated from an ordinary dog ​​with small ears, and ears are the result of people's breeding work.

Theories of origin

The ancestors of our ushastika are supposedly the fly dogs that lived in the Bronze Age. They performed the functions of hunters and were considered the progenitors of all hunting breeds. Their name corresponds to what they found by scientists they were in ashes, where their remains, as the pictures show, were perfectly preserved.

Probably, people in ancient times sacrificed to the gods hunting dogs burned at the stake. For centuries man has learned to anchor in the breed the best hunting qualities, creating a certain type. Thus, spaniels appeared, which at that time was not divided into English, American and Russian. Some experts suggest that the birthplace of spaniels can be called Spain. So, according to this theory, the ancestors of the spaniel are Spanish long-haired dogs, which were used in hunting for partridges.

But this theory also has opponents who believe that the phonetic similarity between Spaniel and Spain is not a serious statement of the origin of the breed. They believe that the spaniel came from a British little long-haired dog, known as agass. Mention and description of the breed, as special, can be found in written sources, the contents of which date back to the 4th century AD.

The British also proposed another version of the origin of the breed, tying the word spaniel to Spanish spanish, in translation - the one who jumps high. After all, such a name is akin to the spaniel's disposition for hunting, when animals, jumping out of the thickets, stand on their hind legs, and are ready at any moment to jump very high.

Discussion does not cause the second word of the breed name. Cocker or woodcock is a forest bird. It was to hunt for this bird and bred spaniels. Photo of the hunt is presented below. Of course, it is impossible to reliably confirm the origin of the first spaniels relative to the hypothesis where the ancestors lived, but the formation of the English Cocker is, undoubtedly, connected with England.

Official standard

Actively cynologists breeding breed began to engage in the early XIX century. Then the club of English cocker spaniels was organized. In England, the breed was registered in 1893, and nine years later the official standard was approved for it.

After that, there were several more editions, the latest version, which appeared in 1969. Five years later the breed was recognized by FCI, an international standard of the species was formed.

In England, this breed is called a cocker spaniel, and Americans call it so american Cocker.

Russian Cocker

In eastern Europe, this breed did not immediately take root. The first foreign cocker spaniel appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. The pictures show what he was then. However, for quite a long time there were so few of them that practically the breed did not develop. Interest appeared in the seventies, then from the kennels of England, the first thoroughbred dogs were brought into the country. After a decade the dogs became participants in permanent exhibitions, they were instigated by hunters and amateurs.

The progenitor of modern cocci was the black male Obo, born in England in 1879. He left numerous offspring. And from his son named Obo 2 begins counting. If you are interested, then look at their photos.

Main characteristics

The vigorous character of the English Cocker influences his appearance and care. The case is square format, rectangular muzzle. Skull with smooth outlines, rather wide nose (see photo).

The eyes of representatives of this breed, as shown in the photo, are large, but not convex, dark, mostly brown in different shades. Dogs with a good-natured and intelligent expression of the eyes, as well as a merry shine.

Ears are flap-shaped, thin, silky, planted at eye level and hang down. Scissor bite. Beautiful neck of medium length, without suspension.

Strongly developed thorax, set obliquely shoulders, which are almost merged with the body.

Short and powerful forelimbs, providing a strong support for the dog, without reducing efficiency. Hairy paws.

Very strong torso for small breeds. Convex ribs, strong short loin. A firm and even top line, slightly inclined to a wide, round and muscular rump.

A very moving tail, which is set slightly below the back and in motion is located at the level of the back, does not bully upwards. They are not too short for hunting purposes.

The structure of the wool is similar to silky soft hair, long, but not curled and not curly. Color different: roan, black, spotted. Unwanted are white spots on monophonic colors.

The height of the males at the withers is about forty-five centimeters, and the bitches are lower by a centimeter. The permissible weight is from twelve to fifteen kilograms.

When asked how long this breed of dogs lives, one can answer in the following way: average duration  life range from twelve to fifteen years.

Characteristics of character

The character of the English Cocker combines three main characteristics: cunning, kindness, intelligence. It is these qualities that largely determine the behavior of the dog and its nature.

On the character in many respects the imprint was imposed by the hunting past, that it seems too active for urban quiet life. For example, if he learns something interesting, then following the call of nature, he can run after the intriguing smell from the owner for a huge distance. In the Cocker's habits of hunting, act on command and independently. Therefore, the character allows him to make an independent decision and go on an important mission, in their opinion.

However, the nature of the representatives of this breed, but with a lack of desire to curry favor and slavish obedience. They fulfill the requirements of the owners on the rights of not a servant, but a friend.

English cocker spaniel not so much likes movement, how many fun, noisy companies. With children running around in the catch-up, playing with the ball. However, games with kids should be under the control of an adult, as a pet-enthusiastic pet can accidentally scratch or bite a child.

A cheerful and energetic dog is an ideal companion. We teach easily, peaceably, get along perfectly with other animals. Only some dogs are avid hunters, sometimes they can show unfriendliness to small animals.

It is interesting that english Cockers (on the photo) adore cars, and can even jump imperceptibly into someone else's car, so that they can ride on it with a breeze.

Below are a selection of photos of representatives of this breed.

How to care for a dog?

Representatives of this breed are quite suitable for living in an apartment. But, accordingly, they need good content and a certain care. There is no need to bathe often, it is enough only after walking the paws. Even the dog likes this kind of care. However, if the dog was dirty very much, then, of course, it should be bathed using a special care shampoo for dogs, where the minimum content of harmful substances.

A neat appearance can be easily maintained by regular combing. Care is needed and the long ears of your pet, which are often dirty on walks or in. Therefore, try to find a special crockery for the cake on the stand.

Cocker also should be cut periodically hair on the paws, and pull out on the muzzle of the long hairs, which also need care. And of course, if your pet participates in exhibitions, then before this event he needs more attention and care.

English Cockers are used in the service in the police, at the customs, as his flair allows you to find drugs and other substances.

Feeding the pet

If you decide to become the owner of an English Cocker, you should know how to feed a pet. Note that feeding puppies, primarily depends on age. After the breeder, who bought the dog, instructed how to feed, and gave a little food so that the puppy did not have to get used to the new food right away.

After your decision to change the puppy feed, it should be done gradually, accustoming, during feeding, little by little to the new food, otherwise the microflora of the animal can be harmed. Within ten days, increase the portion of the new food smoothly and reduce the volume of the old one until the puppy is accustomed to being fed so.

It is important to accustom the dog to diet. You can feed English with both natural food and various foods. You can feed your dog with both dry and canned food. Note that dry food can be a full-value feed to the cocker spaniel, if it is produced by a company that professionally produces food for dogs.

Health

English Cocker Spaniel, as a rule, healthy, although they sometimes have certain diseases. According to veterinarians, the most common diseases of this breed are urolithiasis, glaucoma, atopy, food, cataract and others.

The most common type of disease in an English Cocker is food allergy.

In order to prevent your beloved from falling ill, it is necessary to raise a dog regularly, giving it proper care and nutrition, in order to prevent it.

How to choose a puppy?

If you want to buy an English Cocker, then you need to search among litters with a pedigree. It is not necessary to have a puppy from parents-champions, however, its origin should not cause doubts.

In each litter there are kids for the soul with slight deviations from the standard and promising puppies. A prospective puppy, as a rule, is sold more expensive, but at a young age it is difficult to determine whether the king of the ring will grow out of it.

Therefore, choose a pet not by the fact how much it costs, but to your liking. In any case, he will become your true friend.

Height at the withers: 38 - 41 cm

Weight: 12 - 15 kg

Variational. When solid color is not allowed white marks, except on the chest.

The adjacent, silky structure is long and soft. Numerous suspensions.

Hind legs

Broad, roundish, very muscular. Knees with well-defined angulation angles. Plyusny short, allowing a powerful push.

Front legs

Legs are strong, straight and short. Shoulders are slanting and graceful. Paws are strong, with thick pads.

Planted slightly below the line of the back. Usually docked, but not too short.

Strong and even back. The body is balanced and muscular. Loins are strong, short and wide. Ribs well curved. The breast is well developed.

Teeth, jaws and cheekbones

The jaws are strong, with a perfect, regular and fully scissor bite. Cheeks do not protrude. Teeth are strong.

Nose is large and developed. The nostrils are open. The flair is phenomenal.

Large enough and neat. Dark brown or brown. Edging dark. A look meaningful.

Hanging, planted low, at eye level. A thin ear canvas reaches the lobe of the nose. Well covered with long silky hair.

The cranial box is well developed, clearly delineated. The transition from the forehead to the muzzle is expressed, located halfway from the tip of the nose to the occiput.

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Introduction

Cocker Spaniel - cheerful, good-natured and very energetic breed. This cute dog will never let his owners get bored, sometimes in the literal sense of the word provoking them to adventure. A ringing voice, long moving ears and an interested nose will follow you everywhere, regardless of the circumstances.

Cockers are great not only for hunters, but also for ordinary lovers active image life. These dogs are very athletic, which somewhat contrasts with their bizarre locks throughout the body and refined beauty. A harmonious physique, a deep and intelligent look, dedication, hard work and dedication are just a few of the virtues of this naturally popular breed.

History

The history of cocker spaniels began in ancient times. It is known that the ancestor of this breed was the legendary lop-eared bird, brought to the territory of Britain by the troops of Julius Caesar even before our era.

Despite the dubious reliability of the facts, we can safely say that it is the British who have the main merits in the development and development of the cockers as breeds. According to pedigree books, local breeders managed to breed a number of varieties of spaniels by crossing a variety of European breeds, including dog-shaped dogs and molosses.

Small, compact and strong spaniels, used mainly for rapid and effective hunting for woodcocks and other birds, have received the name "Cocker". The first official mention of these dogs can be found in the book "British Cynology", which was written in the distant 1801th year by the scientist Sidengam Edwards. In 1885, the first in Britain club of lovers of spaniels was founded, which significantly affected the regulated and proper development of the most popular breed in the future.

All modern cockers have one legendary ancestor - a black meadow spaniel named Obo, who was born in 1879. The dog became famous as a perfect producer, becoming the father of a line of squat cocaids somewhat extended format - hardy and brave. The main vocation of representatives of the offspring Obo was the search for game in low thick thickets.

For many decades, the black color of the cockers was very popular, but by the beginning of the last century, a cocker spaniel with spotted and golden color appeared in the photo.

Since the forties of the twentieth century, within the framework of the new standard, hackers began to breed, clearly separating the color of the wool. This was due to the fact that when dogs of solid (monochrome) color with spotted dogs were crossed, puppies with too large white markings on the chest, a muzzle protrusion and white tips of the paws were very often born. For some reason, breeders and profile breeders have principally avoided this color, despite its obvious beauty. At the moment, such dogs are not allowed to participate in exhibitions and competitions.

It has been more than a century since the Cocker Spaniel breed went beyond its hunting specialization. Its representatives have become favorite pets of different people - from admirers of comfort and comfort to desperate travelers.

For all without exception, Cockers are characterized by: quick reaction, excellent scent, maximum concentration and perfect memory.

Intelligence

The English Cocker Spaniel is one of the breeds with the highest intelligence, easy to train and train.

Since this breed was derived primarily as hunting, the most powerful cucker's intellect is manifested in the activities associated with the achievement and pursuit of prey.

For all without exception, cocker spaniels are characterized by: quick reaction, excellent scent, maximum concentration and excellent memory, as well as the ability to find an already shot bird (or any other object) even in the deepest thickets. As far as possible, it is necessary to give the dog a chance to realize its purpose. In everyday life, the intelligence of the cocks does not fade, but the owner is obliged to support his development by regular games that to some extent imitate hunting.

Character

English Cocker Spaniel - active, kind and gentle dog. This breed is great for living in a large family, but among the households the dog will most likely choose one person to whom it will be attached most. To the dog did not show his friendship too intrusively, from early childhood you need to accustom the cocker to independence and reasonable discipline.

The breed of dogs spaniel is characterized by initiative and sociability. They will gladly support any proposal to play and may themselves submit the idea. Their natural intelligence and a wonderful sense of humor will turn any game into an exciting adventure.

Female individuals often tend to dominate the host. Many adult dogs tend to loud barking about and without. But most of the problematic spaniels are easily neutralized by proper upbringing, as these dogs are very intelligent and easily trained.

Socialization

Cocker Spaniels are wonderful companion dogs, ready to accompany their master everywhere. They will demand constant attention to their person and fun wag their tail.

Cocker's relationship with children deserves special attention. Dogs will be very patient with the kids and will not allow themselves to show aggression. Here, parents should explain to the child that a sweet and good-natured dog is not a toy at all, so that the child does not accidentally harm the animal. An adult cocker spaniel will become your wonderful partner in moving games, thereby helping the child grow up healthy and hardy, because you need a lot of energy to keep up with this energetic dog.

Sometimes the cooks are very jealous of their toys and do not allow anyone to take them. Parents should explain in time to the child about this in order to avoid quarrels and conflicts.

To unknown people and other domestic animals in the house representatives of the Spaniel breed are quite tolerant, although they may bother to fence a new person.

Training

Cockers are obedient and disciplined dogs. Their bright temperament and excitement of the hunter make the master creatively approach to education and training.

For a puppy, training is a serious psychological burden, so it is not recommended to begin training the dog to three months of age.

In the first two months, the puppy develops psychology and character. At this time, on your part, first of all, you need a sensitive and careful attitude to the baby. Starting from three or four months you can start the first teams: "Place!" and "To me!". At the initial stage it is extremely important to establish the correct subordination. At this time, your Cocker in the guise of a cute game will try to dominate, but you must make it clear to the pet that you are the leader in your team. If this condition is not observed, further education of the dog is greatly complicated. You are lucky if the puppy has the opportunity to walk and play with other dogs. This will help him grow more balanced.

With the successful completion of the first stage, working with an adult, properly trained dog will give you real pleasure. High intelligence, respect and the desire to please the owner make the Cockers wonderful and attentive students.

Walking and exercise

The irrepressible energy of the cocks requires constant realization and a full exit. In the absence of regular physical activity, the character of the dog will inevitably begin to deteriorate. Be prepared for daily long walks or a joint half-hour jog. If there is no way to go out with a dog to the street and play, imitating a hunt, think up another job for her. The main thing is to be resourceful, the cooks really appreciate the variety in their fitness.

The Spaniel has no equal in obsidian disciplines, agility and shadowing. To release them to run without a leash is necessary only under the condition of full control of the situation by the owner, since the natural instinct of the hunter can work at the most inopportune moment, and you simply can not stop the dog chasing a bird, cat or any other small creature. It is known that the cocks are very fond of hunting snakes and lizards.

Cockers are wonderful swimmers and with great enthusiasm will take a walk to any pond. Do not be scared if the dog rushes into the water in the cool autumn. The immunity of the cockers is quite strong, and the natural instinct of self-preservation will not allow them to stay in the water for longer than necessary.

Cocker Spaniels are one of the most popular service dogs in Russia. Incredible sense of smell and innate intuition allow them to be faithful assistants to police, customs and military personnel.

Care

When a puppy of the Cocker Spaniel breeds, the owners often believe that the baby's fur does not need to be specially groomed. Very in vain. By the time the dog grows up, the coat becomes so much that it is almost impossible to cope with it. In addition, a puppy who has not been trained from childhood to such procedures, is likely to be hostile to them in adulthood. Puppies, like adult cocks, need to be combed 3-5 times a week, using a variety of brushes and combs. Not too much will be a massage glove.

To bathe a dog it is necessary regularly, at least once a month with the use of special shampoos for long-haired dogs and conditioners, which nourish the hair and have antistatic properties. After washing, cover the dog with a towel and let the hair dry. Then you can start drying. To do this, you need a dryer with cold air, a comb and a hair brush.

Cutting a Cocker is best entrusted to a professional groomer. The proportions of each dog are individual, and an unsuccessful haircut can change your pet beyond recognition. An experienced master will immediately determine which features can be emphasized, and which ones, on the contrary, should not be emphasized. Ideally, after shearing, the cocker spaniel in the photo will look neat and natural, as if the dog had not been subjected to any amazingly complicated procedures with filirova.

Regular hygiene procedures also include clipping and tooth cleaning. Claws are sheared with a special claw, not reaching the line of joints. To clean the teeth, get the remedy for removing the tartar.

Cocker Spaniel and your apartment

Imagine that the Cocker puppy was in your apartment. The first time a defenseless pet can not be left alone. It is also important to remember that the cocker spaniel is a purely domestic dog, despite its hunting instincts and specialization. In a domestic setting, it is not recommended to keep the dog on a leash. The kid (and adult cocker) should be able to fully move to properly form the skeleton and muscle form.

In advance, take a sleeping place for the puppy. Cockers are very gentle, sociable and appreciate tactile contact, so they often try to lie down on the bed to the owner. This is best not to spoil and use in rare cases, when the emotional by nature of the cocker needs to be reassured. The sleeping place should not be on the aisle and not in a draft. Optimum fit bright, dry and relatively warm areas of the apartment. It is also very important that, from his personal territory, the cockerer can observe the owners. As a material for sleeping, it is best to use children's mattresses (orthopedic base is desirable), covered with soft sheets or other natural covers.

What to feed a dog to breed a cocker spaniel

Dogs of this breed have an excellent appetite, they run a lot and need a fairly high-calorie diet. Wherein adult dog, as a rule, they are fed once. From meat suited veined beef, horse meat, chicken. Useful by-products - lungs, heart, liver, stomach, but they should be served only in boiled form. From the fish, the cocker spaniel prefers catfish and cod, vegetables - cabbage, turnips with vegetable oil, pumpkin, carrots. Fish served without large bones and fins, vegetables - grated. Daily in the diet should be added porridge (rice, millet, oatmeal, buckwheat). As an additive spaniel can be given home noodles and milk soups.

One of the oldest breeds of spaniels are English cocker spaniels.

Currently, they have passed the laurels of the popularity championship to their brothers - the American Cocker Spaniels. However, the number of admirers of this breed is great to this day.

Consider the main characteristics of the breed English Cocker Spaniel: a description of the breed, the history of origin, features of character, as well as the dignity and difficulty in keeping pets.

The history of the origin of the breed of dogs goes back to the distant past.

They were brought to the lands of England by the troops of the great commander Julius Caesar. Although the authenticity of this information remains in doubt, it is clearly proved that the British made a significant contribution to the development of this breed.

In accordance with pedigree books the breeders brought out whole families of dogs of the Spaniel breed.

At the very beginning, the spaniels were divided into field and marsh (depending on the location of the hunt).

The field's own stance prompted the hunter the place of bird accumulation, and marsh (or water) with success took part in hunting with nets. Later, the cynologists succeeded in deducing a universal dog that could catch any game.

Thus, long-haired spaniels became especially popular in the 17th century. In 1883, after the exhibition, the breed of dogs was divided into two categories (depending on the size): large dogs  (more than 11 kg) called a field spaniel, and a smaller one - a cocker spaniel.

Later this weight limit for cocker spaniels was canceled. The founder of all existing cocaids is the black dog named Obo, who appeared in England in the late 17th century.

The breed of dogs was obtained from his son - Obo II.

In Russia, a special breed of English cocks was not immediately received. The first representatives of thoroughbred dogs from England appeared in our country in the early 20th century.

Glory to "merry cockers" came after the exhibitions of the 80's, when the breeders were not only hunters, but also ordinary lovers of four-legged pets.

The official breed standard was adopted in 1902, to which a significant number of adjustments and additions have now been made.

The outlines of the skull are smooth: it looks elegant and at the same time impressive. The large nose of the nose provides a subtle scent.

Big eyes, but not bulging. Iris of eyes of brown shades: from dark brown to nutty. The ears are located at eye level, along the length reach the tip of the nose; lobes shaped, hanging.

Strong jaws with absolutely right scissor bite. The neck is not long, strong.

The thorax is deep enough and developed. Ribs are embossed. Loin is not long, powerful; straight line of the top, smoothly inclined to the base of the tail.

The tail is extremely mobile, located below the level of the back, but even when moving it should not bully up. Subject to docking when using dogs for hunting purposes.

The limbs are rather muscular, strong, with dense pads.

Wool in accordance with the standard of the breed should be straight, silky and shiny, without curls. The length of the wool cover is different: on the head is short; The chest, tummy and ears - are covered more abundantly.

There are two main color breeds: solid and spotted. By solid include all shades of red, chestnut, black, sable and color with tans.

At birth, there may be small whitish areas on the muzzle or limbs that pass after a time and become completely invisible.

In monochrome dogs there may be a tan or a transition - areas of a different shade (from chocolate to wheat). The color saturation and depth of the subtle are important.

To colors that do not yet meet the standard, include: tiger, white with black or brown pigmentation and blue (steel).

In the spotted coat color, white is added to the base coat. At the same time, the distribution of white areas is completely unpredictable.

For example, a black and white dog is considered as completely black with a few white marks; and almost white with small black patches. Multifacetedness spotty  adds a crest, which can be dense and rare.

By nature, the English spaniel is playful, responsive and affectionate. Loves is at all times with the owner, sociable enough.

The obedient and cheerful cockerer will become a favorite in a large family, and for a lonely master. It should be noted that dogs of this breed are excessively dependent on their host.

Therefore, with early childhood  it is necessary to accustom the cocker to independence. Also, the English spaniel can be pretty wayward with respect to personal things, especially toys.

The English spaniel is an indefatigable toil and an excellent hunter. In finding and importing game - an excellent specialist due to excellent vision and smell.

Maybe even on a walk to hunt for pigeons, crows and other birds. At home, he is cheerful and good-natured, tries to involve all family members in the game.

With true upbringing, they find a common language even with cats. These restless unsympathetic people can distrust and be jealous of outsiders.

English cocker spaniels are not touchy, punishments are perceived with understanding. Sensibly relate to a change in the mood of the host.

Constantly trying to please, so with ease. Pets love when they are given a lot of attention and care.

Choosing an English cocker spaniel as pet, should take into account the advantages and disadvantages of the breed.

The merits can be attributed:

Small pet dimensions and beautiful exterior of the dog. Height at the withers in males reaches 41 cm, in bitches - up to 39 cm.

These dogs were the decoration of the royal court. Even the formidable King of England Henry VII, who issued a ban on the keeping of dogs at court, made indulgence only for small spaniels - the favorites of court ladies.

It is an active and hardy dog. The English spaniel can become a good companion on a long walk and even on a journey. Quietly transfers the ride in the car.

English cocker spaniels are reasonable dogs, they easily perceive training, training.

These are valuable assistants in prospecting: they are often used in the customs service when searching for prohibited goods.

Also help rescuers when searching for live people under the collapses.

Despite the large number of positive characteristics, the English cocker spaniel has some disadvantages:

Cockers are real gluttons. It seems that they have a dimensionless, bottomless stomach.

Even during the walk they will not miss the opportunity to get their food. For this breed, the nutritional restrictions are important, adherence to dietary norms.

With incorrect education, untimely socialization, coccards may exhibit such traits as aggression and cowardice.

They can enter into fights with other dogs. Excessively petting a pet, not paying attention to his tricks, he will grow up to be a real egoist.

Untimely detection of diseases can lead to deafness of the pet. Also periodically it is recommended to air the ears of the spaniel (during sleep).

Emotionality of the pet can be manifested in its loud barking. In the absence of the owner, he will guard the shelter, and bark loudly when he hears strange sounds.

From loneliness, the spaniel will also pierce. To avoid these situations, do not leave the spaniel alone for long.

Photo Gallery

Because of its small size, the English cocker spaniel, which you can see in the photos below, will feel comfortable both in the apartment and in the country house.

Video

In this video material you will be told in detail about the origin, nature and habits of this dog. You will also find out why this breed was excavated and why it is being used at the present time.

The Cocker Spaniel breed has several varieties, of which the most popular is the English Cocker Spaniel. Standard of breed, features of care and training of a hunting dog.

This breed of dogs can be called universal: cocker spaniels - good hunters and search engines, wonderful companions. There are several varieties of the breed: the most popular is English, the less common are Russian and American cocker spaniels.

An inexperienced person can mix these breeds, although the differences are quite noticeable. The English cocker fur is silky, it is cut practical, and american Cocker  long thick coat on the paws and abdomen forms a luxurious skirt requiring constant care. "The Englishman" is above the "American" by about 5 cm. Lovers of luxury and exhibition shows are most likely to choose american Cocker Spaniel, and hunters and adherents of sports tests will stop at the English cocker.

History of the English Cocker Spaniel

The progenitors of spaniels, like many other breeds, are the ancient hunting dogs  Bronze Age. As a result of selection in a special branch, dogs with long silky hair, hunting well for woodcocks or forest birds, and "cockers" were singled out.

In England, cynologists began to study and improve the breed in the XIX century. In 1885 a club of English cocker spaniels was created, in 1902 the breed was officially recognized and set standards for it. Gradually, the standards changed, the international edition of the standard was published in 1974, and the breeders and cynologists of the whole world are still guided by it.

In Russia, the first dogs of cocker spaniels from England appeared at the beginning of the XX century, but popularity began to recruit us only after the 1970s. Participating in all the dog shows, these hunting dogs won the hearts of people far from hunting. They began to be started as companion dogs, and they were used at the customs and the police (today - the police) to search for weapons, drugs and disappeared people.

Appearance. Breed Standard

English Cocker Spaniel belongs to the 8th group, 2 subgroup of the girlfriends dogs. The weight of adult dogs reaches 12.5 and 14.5 kg, and height 39 and 41 cm in bitches and males, respectively. The length of the trunk is about 40 cm. Lifespan is 12-15 years. Small dogs are great for keeping in an apartment, provided they are properly educated and have regular walks.

The most remarkable feature of spaniels is their long ears given to dogs as a result of the painstaking work of breeders. The ears are set low, and a long, often curly hair grows on them. On the trunk the wool is of medium length, silky, not curly, but only wavy.

The eyes of the Cockers are round, not bulging. Eye color - dark nut or dark brown.

The constitution of the dog is good: the chest is not wide, the musculature is well developed, the body format is square, that is, the height from the ground to the withers is almost equal to the length from the withers to the beginning of the tail. Muzzle also has a square proportion. A beautiful neck of medium length is placed on the shoulders that merge with the body. The back is straight. The limbs are powerful, not long, they give the dog a firm support, while not reducing its performance. Paws, covered with wool, end with soft pads; small membranes help the cocks to swim well. The tail is often stopped.

Description of the breed Cocker Spaniel continues the list of acceptable colors. There are several of them:

• Monochrome (black, red, chocolate and others);
• Piebald and spotted (black / white, red / white and others);
• Tricolor (for example, black and white-tan);
• Spotted or "roan" (hepatic roan, red roan).

White patches on the body of monochrome dogs should be absent, only a small spot on the chest is allowed.

Character

Representatives of the Cocker Spaniel breed are cheerful and playful. With such a character, the cocker spaniels can perfectly take root in a large family, and become a companion of a lonely person. With other animals, including cats, the cocks live in harmony. For children, they become not only a toy, but also a best friend, a companion for all mobile games. Children with them to set aside is not scary, because spaniels are friendly animals, for the same reason they are not suitable for the role guard dog. But one is not desirable to remain a cocoker - without the owners the dog begins to yearn, can start whining and howling.

Like all other dogs, in the absence of proper education or with a poor pedigree, cocker spaniels can exhibit qualities unusual to the breed, such as shyness, timidity or aggressiveness in protecting their toys or food. But these are exceptions to the rules.

Working qualities

Characteristics of the breed is also in the working qualities of the cocker spaniels. After all, they are not only driven by dog ​​shows: first, spaniels are used for hunting, and secondly, they are given sports tests in the fields.

In hunting for wild game, the cocker spaniel is an excellent helper. He specializes in woodcocks, quails, pheasants, but they also take him to hunt for hares.

He easily dives and swims in the water, with pleasure rushes through the swamps and meadows. With a loud bark, he gives a sign to the owner when a game is discovered. A sensitive nose is able to recognize the bloody trail of wounded animals after several hours, so specially trained dogs are taken for the persecution of wild boars, roe deer and moose.

Field trials are aimed at showing and evaluating such qualities as flair, search, obedience, perseverance, the supply of production.

All the positive qualities of cocker spaniels are advantageously used in police and customs, where dogs search for missing things, search for drugs, weapons and other prohibited items. At the same time, it is difficult to knock off the smell with additional odors, for example, the smell of gasoline.

Training spaniels

Cockers have a hunting instinct in their blood, but in order to raise a worthy helper in hunting, these qualities should be awakened and directed to the right track. Training of English cocker spaniels should begin with early childhood, regardless of whether it is planned to raise the future hunter, home companion or international champion of numerous exhibitions. Begins upbringing with the usual commands "Sit / Stand / To Me / Next." In parallel with the development of obedience at home, you can accustom the dog to look for a product (cheese, sausage), not showing it, but only by smell. The command "Seek!" Is also developed on the search for a hidden thing in the apartment, which the dog was given to sniff beforehand.

From puppyhood, the dog should be taught to leash. An active dog on a walk can run away from the owner, and this can be dangerous for her.

Nataska on the hunt under the guidance of an experienced cynologist is held in one season. During this time, the young dog gets used to rifle shots, learns to raise game into the air, look for pork or carcasses, gently carry them to the mouth and give to the owner.

When feeding dogs of the English Cocker Spaniel breed, it is recommended to fasten their long ears with an elastic band or a special clothespin on the back of the head, otherwise the ears will get into a cup of water or food and get dirty. There are cookers are always ready and in unlimited quantities, they are prone to overeating, so it is necessary to regulate the amount eaten. One and a half or two cups of food for one meal will be enough, after eating the bowls need to be removed, but the water should be available to the dog all the time. Small Cocker Spaniel puppies eat up to 4-5 times a day, half a year - 3 times, adult dogs - 1-2 times.

Many people think what to feed the cocker spaniel: ready-made food (dry or canned) or homemade food. It is necessary to focus on the well-being of the dog and its preferences: some animals eat only dry food, "drying", while others do not approach it at all. The finished food should be balanced, contain proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements. When feeding home food, the diet should include many types of foods: meat, fish, vegetables (carrots, pumpkins), crackers, raisins, cottage cheese, cereals, garlic. It is desirable to give vitamin complexes together with food.

The English Cocker Spaniel walks with pleasure and for a long time, as long as he has enough time and patience with the owner. In this case, long hair is stuck to the turnips, chips, twigs, which, after a walk, must be removed. In the spring and autumn period, the problem for the owner is dirt, and in winter - frost and sticky snow. To negate the need for a daily bathing of the dog and to protect against cold weather, the owners buy or sew clothes for the cocker spaniel (usually a coverall).

The ears must be cleaned in due time, monitor the absence of sulfur plugs in them and prevent water from getting into the bath when bathing. To prevent the appearance of calculus, the teeth of the spaniels are cleaned with special pastes or sometimes chewed raw bones. Grown claws trimmed in time. After the walk, you need to wash off the salt and mud from the paws.

Cockers' wool needs frequent combing, especially after walking, at least every other day. Long hair is combed with a rare comb, and a short covering of the trunk is brushed with frequent short denticles. Bathing - as necessary, with the use of special shampoos, but at least every two months. Also, every two to three months, to give the general appearance of the dogs neatness and well-groomed, they are sheared. The Cocker Spaniel's hairstyle has its own peculiarities and is usually carried out according to the requirements used for exhibitions: shortened wool on the sides, back, croup, inside the ears, between the pads of the paws, on the head and on the cheeks; absence of bangs and beards. Long hair on the ears is cut in the form of a drop.

Health and disease

Care for the cocker spaniel is also in the observation of his health, the recommendations of veterinarians. Care for the future of the dog's health begins with the first days of her life. At once we will notice that at any problems it is necessary to address to the expert, instead of to appoint to a dog treatment independently, especially if you collide with signs for the first time.

Vaccinations for puppies should be done strictly following the recommendations of veterinarians; before vaccination, you must drive away the worms. Puppies English Cocker Spaniel should not go out until the quarantine is sustained after the first mandatory vaccinations.

Cocker spaniels have some health problems that are peculiar to this breed. So, long ears not only often get dirty on walk and while eating, they still create a big problem with ventilation of the ear canal. Because of this, inflammation, otitis occur, sulfur plugs accumulate, and long-term treatment may be required. There is an unpleasant smell from the ears, the dog rubs his head or shakes it with his paws. To prevent this problem, you need to wipe your ears weekly, remove sulfuric emissions with cotton swabs.

With the convex eyes of the cocoyers, there is a time of trouble such as conjunctivitis or blepharitis. At the usual time, you just wipe your eyes with a gauze swab after sleeping, removing the mucus. But drafts, dust or bright sun often cause inflammation - the edges of the eyelids turn red, tearing or suppuration begins. In this case, eyes, according to a national recipe, are wiped with strong tea, eye drops are dripped into the conjunctival sacs.

If prophylaxis of tartar does not help, then at the beginning of the formation of the stone, it is recommended to wipe the teeth of the cocker spaniels with a chalk or with hydrogen peroxide 3%. If you do not fight with tartar, then it will cause inflammation, putrefactive smell, festering of roots and even loss of teeth, especially in old dogs. When untreated tartar in the hospital, it is removed with special equipment.

Other health problems, such as fever, diarrhea, refusal to eat, can be caused by many reasons. To understand them can only veterinarian. Always keep the phone number of the veterinarian on duty or the veterinarian in an accessible place. Do not delay visit to the doctor!

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Evaluation of breed characteristics

Brief description of the breed

The English Cocker Spaniels first became known at the beginning of the 20th century, and work on their deduction began in the 1880s. From the name of the breed it is clear that England is the birthplace of English cockers. Often, however, English cocker spaniels are confused with them - these breeds are similar, but somewhat different in the exterior. The call of English Cockers is for swamp and field game, although these dogs quickly adapt to almost any role. It is not for nothing that urban English-speaking cocks are introduced as companion dogs, which is not surprising, given their good nature, healthy curiosity and a high degree of liveliness with other pets. These animals are very amenable to training, they can be planted even by inexperienced owners. They are unpretentious in their care, they can live in a street cage as well as in a small cage - their good endurance and modest dimensions allow it (dogs weigh from 12.5 to 15 kg, height - 38-41 cm). English Cocker Spaniels  are the perfect companions of a man who meet almost every desire of a potential owner - they are ready to hunt, without damaging prey, are affectionate and playful, capable of adjusting to the mood of the owner.

The main distinguishing features of English cocker spaniels are long hanging ears decorated with wavy hair, developed musculature, large paws, allowing to obtain trophies during hunting from the water. The head of English cockerels is domed, of medium size, the transition from forehead to muzzle is smooth, well pronounced. Eyes predominantly dark brown in color, oval in shape, with closely fitting eyelids. The ears are set low, long, close to the head tightly, which does not negatively affect the quality of the animal's hearing. The nose of the nose is moderately large, dark, crowning an elongated muzzle (unlike American cockers, the muzzle can not be shortened). The bite of strong developed jaws is scissor-shaped. The neck is long, muscular. The stout body is moderately short, straight, in the lumbar region convex, the chest is deep, the stomach is pulled up. The limbs differ in bone, musculature, paws large, with large fingers. The tail is slightly lower than the back, most often. The coat of English cocker spaniels is long (sometimes curly) on the limbs, ears and sides. Well-developed undercoat. The shades of the coat are black, brown, red, golden, black and white, reddish-white, brownish-white (sometimes with tan or krapom).

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Photo of the cocker spaniel:

Pictures of dogs of the breed Cocker Spaniel | Dreamstime.com

History of origin

Despite the fact that the breed was bred in the British Isles, Spain also has to do with English cocks. After all, this country is usually considered the birthplace of spaniels. True, some scientists believe that long-haired hunting dogs appeared in Germany. Other specialists attribute the origin of all the spaniels of Ancient Greece. Whatever it was, the main version of the spaniel appearance is that these dogs were formed exactly in Spain. Ostensibly from there in due time in the Middle Ages the dogs were taken to Ireland, and then they appeared in Great Britain. Having become interested in strong small dogs, the English decided to eventually create their own national breed, able to hunt practically in any conditions - in water, thickets, fields. The image of dogs similar to English cocker spaniels can be found in the paintings of the 14th-17th centuries, although the official recognition of the breed should take at least two and a half hundred years. Initially, English breeders shared their spaniels in the field and water. And only by the XIX century the breeders decided to create a breed capable of hunting both land game and water. So the breed of English cocker spaniels - hardy, gamblers in hunting, but quiet enough in a circle of a family of dogs has been deduced. The Kennel Club of Great Britain approved the English Cocker Spaniels as a new breed in 1893. And in 1902 the whole world learned about them when the first pedigree standard was approved. Shortly, the spread of English cocks occurred almost all over the world. By the way, the word "Cocker" became a prefix to the name of the breed from the English "Woodcock", which means "woodcock". In Russia, English cocker spaniels were imported at the beginning of the 20th century, but popularity with them in our country woke up relatively recently - in the 1970s. And the buyers' interest in English cocks was dictated not only by hunting - these dogs were liked by many people and due to the classical appearance, and obedience, and relatively easy care of the silky long hair. Unlike the American Cocker, the hero of this article is the best hunter. American cocci were brought out sooner as decorative dogs, delighting the eyes of the owners.

Character of the cocker spaniel

   Well brought up cocker spaniel has an excellent character. This affectionate dog loves to participate in all family activities. Cocker is playful, alert and active. He loves all games and exercises: from an ordinary walk to active jogging. Cocker Spaniel is known for its sensitivity, excellent mental and physical data. He has a gentle character, but reacts to rough treatment. Sometimes such a reaction consists in growling, but before this comes in extreme cases. In the period of early socialization it is very important to teach the dog the elementary norms of behavior. Socialization helps the animal show its best qualities. The wool of the cocker spaniel is different. Thick, sometimes wavy short hair, decorates this dog. Color is usually monochrome. It can be black and light cream, and sometimes even reddish-brown. There are spotted spaniels (two or more colors). Cocker spaniels need intensive and systematic grooming. Most owners of these dogs prefer to resort to the help of professionals who can not only clean the hair, but cut it, buy a dog. It is best to conduct this procedure every two months. Note that the cost of such services in different salons may be different.

Many owners of cocker spaniels prefer to cut their pets short. This helps to facilitate the overall care of the dog. But even in this case, you have to cut the hair and claws of a dog every two months, and carefully bathe the dog. Grooming in dogs of this breed should be started immediately after reaching the wool of the appropriate size. It is best to train to a haircut and regular combing from an early age. This will teach the pet to the procedure from childhood. The same applies to clipping and cleaning teeth. Try to accustom the dog to all hygiene procedures from the first days of the appearance of the puppy in the house. To great regret, cocker spaniels differ in their negative attitude towards grooming. Therefore, it is best to get extensive advice on this issue from a veterinarian.

Claws must be cut every month, ears checked weekly. During the examination of the ears it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of irritations, inflammations and any signs of infection that may appear in the unpleasant odor from the ears. This procedure is important, since the cocker spaniels are prone to the emergence of various ear infections of an infectious nature. To prevent problems with the ears, you need to treat the pet's ears weekly with a special solution. During feeding, you must use narrowed bowls. This will prevent ears from getting into food while eating. The same goes for drinkers. Some owners of cockers even sit dogs on the leash during a meal to prevent ears from getting into their food.

Training and training

   English cocker spaniels are easy to train, but the system of training and training should include rewards and praise. Cocker spaniels are very sensitive, so during training completely any rudeness and aggression should be ruled out. Otherwise, your lessons will fail. The best in training is reward and praise of the animal for any, even insignificant, success.

If the toddler is purchased as a home friend, then the best course in the quality of training will be the passage of the OKD course, during which the dog will recognize the commands: "next", "place", "me", "sit", "impossible" and others . And the natural qualities english spaniels  (in the field of training) are so well developed that the basics of training can be taught by both a professional and a beginner. The main thing is not to show excessive caress during classes. The dog, having seen through the fact that the owner is set up too softly, starts either to be obstinate, performing the commands, or to try to ignore the person's words. As an encouragement during training use a calm and benevolent tone (usually say to the dog: "Well done!") And a treat. They punish the dog with the help of a strict tone of voice. In rare cases, the animal can be lightly struck with a hand, a branch or newspaper, without causing pain.

Since the English cocker spaniels are hunters, after passing the course OKD in about 7-9 months they are trained (at the request of the owner). From the very childhood of such dogs they take with them during raids on nature. Since childhood, the spaniel has become accustomed to the locality, where hunting will continue in the future. Typically, English -cockers are used as assistants in the girlfriendly hunt for bog, swamp, field and waterfowl. Initially, the animal can be accustomed to the sound of a hunting horn (sometimes whistle), for example, feeding food, accompanying the action with a signal. So the dog will not only not be afraid of the characteristic sound, but will also understand when to approach the owner. Also, from an early age, the pupil is taught to develop a flair-hiding an object (toy, treat) first on the lower shelves of the cabinet, under the bed, for example. Gradually, the task becomes more complicated - the desired thing is higher, and the windows are open - so it is more difficult for the dog to recognize exactly where the desired is. Gradually they train the animal to catch a snipe (this bird flies low and allows periodic landing), ducks, pheasant, corncrake, snipe, quail, partridge. To begin with, the dog should be allowed to smell the bird, and then move away from it, pointing in the right direction to its location. As a rule, these dogs quickly learn the basics of an athlete, which allows them to become good hunters already at a young age.

Health and disease

  The average life expectancy of a cocker spaniel is 12-15 years. The main health problems that can arise in the case of cocks include: cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, autoimmune, hematological, immunological disorders and infectious diseases.

Some interesting facts

• Cocker Spaniel - a gentle, gentle and educated pet that is suitable for home in any home.
• Cocker spaniels are dogs companions, so they must live exclusively in the house with the owner.
• The nature and physiological development of the spaniel will largely depend on the professionalism of the breeder. Therefore, it is necessary to get a dog from experienced and tested dog breeders.
• Cocker Spaniel with pleasure takes part in various competitions: hunting, running, search competitions, etc.
• The tail of a cockerel is usually cut off on the first days of life, but on this account the opinions of dog breeders diverge. Many prefer to leave the tail unoccupied.
• During training, you should thank the dog and make her happy.