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Meet the American cocker spaniel! If you do not know what the American looks like in a dog's guise, then look at the dog of this breed. She has a positive, cheerful, some degree of selfishness and charm. Cockers of "America production" could be the winners in the nomination "The dog that best ropes the ropes from the owners." The most interesting thing is that the owners like it, and they continue to love and adore the pet in spite of everything. Experienced owners do not go against them, but adhere to the principle: education and mutual understanding. Only the right approach to education will help not become the master of a spoiled, dominant, dissolved dog. Otherwise, you will need the help of a specialist. Scared? Do not! American cocker spaniels are sweet creatures, which from the first day in the new house must comply with the rules adopted there.
The direct ancestors of the American Cocker Spaniels are English Cockers, which were brought to America before the formation of the United States. Artificial breeding of its own breed of local cynologists allegedly began in 1880. They had their own ideas about the ideal hunting dog.
Cocker Spaniel American - the result of crossing English cocker spaniels and small hunting spaniels, so they differ from their English predecessors of smaller growth and thicker, longer hair. Appointment of new breeds was hunting for feathered game: field, marsh, waterfowl.
For the first time representatives of the new breed participated in the exhibition in 1882, this happened in the city of Manchester, New Hampshire. Hunting passion and beautiful appearance of the dog made it very popular, breeding of the breed took up not only on the territory of America, but in other countries. In 1935 there was a complete separation of two breeds: English and American.
In Russia, the breed became popular in the 70s of the 20th century, and Russian breed standards were approved in 1883.
The American cocker spaniel today is more often not a hunting dog, but an ornamental dog that pleases the owner with beauty, mobility, playfulness.
Characteristics, description, character
The American cocker spaniel, whose character is predetermined by its original designation, is a bold, uninhibited, agile and enduring dog that can easily be trained. Despite the relationship with the English Cocker, he externally strongly differs from him:
- american Cockers have large and expressive eyes;
- a shorter muzzle and a clear transition from the forehead to the muzzle;
- the wool is longer, thicker and more lush, the ears, belly, breasts are decorated with curls of wool.
American Cocker small growth: about 35-38 cm at the withers, the dog weighs 12, 5 kg. If you decide to get yourself a puppy of an American cocker spaniel, then he will accompany you for about 15 years, that's how many representatives of the breed live.
It is distinguished by a strong bone structure, developed musculature, a long neck, and a tall one. The long ears of the cockerel are planted low, starting at eye level. Highly planted tail is usually docked. For the breed, any color is acceptable: chocolate, red, fawn, black, monochrome, multicolored (up to 3 colors).
Dogs of the breed are constantly finding what to do. They are difficult to find at rest. Curiosity, curiosity, devotion to the owner up to self-sacrifice - the character traits of the American cocker spaniel.
Easily yieldable to training, which is perceived not as a learning, but as an entertaining game. They are sociable creatures, but they have a sense of tact, they will never pester the master if he is not in the spirit. Despite the hunting qualities that make themselves felt even in the city, the American Cocker is one of the best companion dogs. Mildness, lack of aggression towards children, cats, other dogs in the family, obedience made dogs a favorite in many families.
They constantly need communication, so do not leave the cocker alone for long, it is fraught with the formation of bad habits: excessive barking, howling, spoilage of things in the house.
The American Cocker Spaniel is cunning, he will enter all the tricks of "seduction" in order to, for example, get something delicious. His touching appearance makes the owners forgive him everything, but do not treat this dog as a toy, otherwise a disobedient and ill-bred dog will grow up.
Diseases
Diseases American Cocker Spaniel can prevent you from living the 12-15 years allocated to him. Dogs can diagnose acquired and hereditary diseases.
- Anomalies of behavior: hysteria, panic attacks, aggression.
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or skin asthenia, when the skin of the dog becomes inelastic and insensitive.
- Deficiency of carnitine, as a result of which the heart muscle is weakened and dilated cardiomyopathy develops.
- Diseases of the organs of vision: eyelid eversion, keratoconjunctivitis, retinal dysplasia.
- Because of the peculiarities of the structure of the ears, dogs are prone to problems with the ears, often with otitis.
- Pododermatitis - Skin infection on the paws.
- Problems with the musculoskeletal system: dislocations, ruptures of intervertebral discs, which can lead to paralysis and complete immobilization of the animal.
- Skin cancer is a disease that is often diagnosed in cocaids (melanoma).
Attend a veterinarian regularly, and your dog will delight you for a long time with excellent health and excellent mood.
Care
An American Cocker Spaniel has appeared in your house, care of it is to be meticulous. The dog has a long, thick coat, so it should be combed daily and washed every two weeks. Accustom to combing since childhood, so that it was for the dog the usual procedure. It is advisable to use a soft brush for up to 3 months so as not to injure the delicate skin of the puppy, and later replace it with a comb. Combing is necessary to avoid entanglement of the wool and to remove dust, dirt, twigs, dry grass, which remains after walks.
Hygienic haircut - another requirement of care, it is carried out 1 time in 2 weeks. Every 2 months, you should drive the dog to a full haircut. Do not be afraid that with a short haircut your dog will lose its features, on the contrary, short hair will only emphasize the graceful, harmonious body of the pet.
Long ears are one of the vulnerabilities, they get dirty quickly, the dog can scratch them. Daily inspection of your pet's ears should become your habit, in time to detect an infection, accumulated dirt. Also it is necessary to purchase dishes with a narrow throat, so that the dog's ears are not dirty, there is a code.
Eyes need to be cleaned with cotton pads wetted with water. Do not use soap to avoid irritation to the eyes. In the number of regular hygienic procedures, teeth cleaning and clipping of the claws should be included.
It is important from childhood to teach the dog to eat at the same time. The number of receptions depends on the age of your pet: up to 2 months - 6 times, up to 4 months - 4 times, up to 6 months - 3 times a day, from 7 months - 2 times a day. American Cocker Spaniel is very mobile, so the diet should be high-calorie: finely chopped meat of all sorts, vegetables, fish, dairy products, fruits, cereals.
The owner of the cocker spaniel must protect him from obesity. Despite activity, dog breeds tend to accumulate excess weight. The host should be fed 2 times a day, no snacking sweets and goodies between the main meals. Constant weight control of the pet and frequent active walks - these rules are mandatory if you want to have a healthy dog next to you.
Education, training
The training of the American cocker spaniel must take into account the nature of the dog and exclude any violence. From the owner are required patience, patience and perseverance. But to know the measure is also necessary. If you repeat the team dozens of times in a row, this can affect the effectiveness of training.
Education and training should be conducted in the open air, during walks, but here you can know about yourself hunting instincts. Use them on the case, training can be conducted in a game form, for example, in the process of searching for items.
A little about walks with an American cocker spaniel. You should walk with the pet 3 times a day for 1-2 hours. If the weather is rainy, then you should shorten walks to 20 minutes. A puppy must be vaccinated before going on a first walk, since cocker spaniels are susceptible to viruses and infections.
Strong loads of the cocker should be exposed only after 6 months, when the bones and joints get stronger. If the puppy is tired, then you can pick him up. Features of walks with the cockers:
- during the walk, exercise and play;
- cockers can not be walked on a harness, only on a leash;
- free walking is possible only in an enclosure or in a space where there is no transport and people;
- forbid a dog to bark at people and not execute commands.
Cocker Spaniels can go through all the training courses for dogs, as quickly as they can and training in hunting.
Puppies
So, before you the breed is an American cocker spaniel, its puppies do not have long hair like an adult dog. Let it not alarm, the royal "head of hear" will grow and fully formed by 2 years.
Tips for choosing a Cocker Spaniel puppy:
- the most optimal age for purchasing a puppy is from 6 to 10 weeks. If they are less, then excommunication from the mother will be a great stress, and if more - there is a risk that the puppy missed an important stage of socialization (in the cage, for example, he sat, because the breeders are different);
- friendliness and activity of the puppy is a good indicator;
- experts advise to make a test for complaisance of character, if the puppy passed it, take it without hesitation. To check, you need to put the puppy on your back and lightly squeeze it with the palm of your hand. If the puppy perceives this as a game, does not show aggression, does not get angry, then you have a good option;
- examine the ears of the baby for fleas, they often have them because of the long length of the coat;
- the purpose of acquiring a puppy is also important. If a dog is required to participate in exhibitions, then males are preferable, as they are more in line with breed standards;
- as a pet, choose a bough, they are more family-friendly, easier to learn, but there may be inconvenience in their estrus.
Usually puppies of the American cocker spaniel appear at the new owners at 1, 5 months, when they experience the period of adaptation. At this time they are susceptible to external changes, quickly get used to them. Do not advise buying an adult dog breed American cocker spaniel, the price of it will be much higher, and parting with the previous owner will be for her psychological trauma, as the cocks are very strongly attached.
Approximately from 8 weeks the puppy starts to be afraid of strangers, therefore it is necessary to adjust its dialogue with other members of the family, guests, so that the dog socializes and does not grow timid or aggressive towards strangers.
The nickname for the puppy is the very first team, so it also needs to be taught, for example, during games. Every time, urging a puppy, you need to encourage him to caress or a treat. Usually puppies quickly get used to the nickname and joyfully respond to it.
The next period in the development of a puppy is socialization, when he gets acquainted with the objects surrounding him. The period lasts from 2 to 3 months. Mobility, irrepressible curiosity, a desire to test for strength all the objects in the house - these qualities will have to be tolerated by the owner. The stage of socialization - it's time to start the first lessons of training.
After 12 weeks, the stage of dominance begins, when the dog tries to take the position of a leader not only in interaction with other dogs, but in relations with the owner. How is this manifested? During games the puppy can bite, growl. The owner's task is to rebuff, to be moderately strict, but not to punish physically.
Price list
How much is an American cocker spaniel, you can find out by online ads, on the sites of nurseries and breeders. If the seller can not confirm the origin of the puppy, the price is 2.5-3.5 thousand rubles. Puppies with documents, but from ordinary parents - 3-5 thousand rubles.
In nurseries and breeders you can buy puppies, whose parents are titled dogs, winners of exhibitions and competitions. For such representatives of the breed you will give from 6.5 to 30 thousand rubles.
The cost of a puppy depends on the degree of its compliance with the breed standards. In Moscow, prices are higher than in regions. Also, the higher price tag is affected by the rare color of the dog.
In the homeland of the breed you can buy: "defective" puppies that do not go to exhibitions because of non-conformity to the standard, you can buy for $ 300. The average price for puppies is $ 700, and for elite puppies from American nurseries be ready to give up to $ 2500.
A photo
American cocker spaniel, whose photos are presented below, radiates energy and positive. A touching and recognizable "skirt" of long, silky wool is a visiting card of the breed. No less attractive are the long, flap-like ears of the dog, which she strives to put somewhere: puddle through, in a bowl with a meal to bathe.
Enjoy the Cockers when they sleep, play, relax, and play with the owners and their children. Friendliness, devotion, curiosity, ingenuity - all this is reflected in the eyes of the Cocker. Have you seen those eyes? These are not small eyes of English cocker spaniels. These are huge brown eyes, beautiful in shape, like the eyes of extraterrestrial aliens. And in the loving eyes of your faithful pet you can drown and see the answers to the questions, what is real fidelity, reaching self-sacrifice.
Video
They are animals with a compact, sturdy structure and elegant noble head, which have almost ideal parameters of a harmoniously folded dog.
The dog stands on the forelimbs in such a way that the back line is always inclined towards the strong hind legs. With great perseverance, it is able to develop a significant speed.
This is one of the smaller hunting, and also quite mobile, joyful, enduring doggie.
History of appearance
About the history of the breed can be judged by its rather long name. First in the sunny Spain, rich in hunting grounds, there were ancient spaniels. Then they were brought to England, where they were immediately taken by local breeders. This led to the emergence of many new breeds, among which was the Cocker. All breeds of dogs were intended for hunting. By the end of the nineteenth century, the enchanting one found itself on another continent, where the viewers of beauty had others. Here for the kokers local cynologists, who managed to create a completely new look almost half a century ago, took up.
Where rabbits live
Quite obviously the Spanish origin of the word spaniel. Precisely, the Iberian Peninsula, contributed to the emergence of the first spaniel-like dogs. They were mostly held by knights-crusaders, the main entertainment of which was hunting rabbits or birds. According to archaeologists, a stocky pet with hanging ears came to the European continent with Asia Minor. Having been in different countries, the ancestors of the spaniel, found themselves in Spain. Dogs of similar breed were also bred in the Balkans and North Africa, bringing to the peninsula pets on their ships. Here at that time there were a lot of rabbits and the country began to be called Spain (in translation - the country of rabbits).
The newly arrived species beautifully hunted for rabbits and birds, in this regard, the Spaniards began to seriously cultivate this breed, giving the world a spaniel.
Changing professions
How many specializations have changed the ancestors of the Cocker is unknown. Animals hunted game, small animals, participated in hunting with a net, falconry. After the invention of firearms, spaniels were retrained into talented girlfriend dogs.
Approximate King
It's hard to say exactly when the spaniels arrived in England, but the people of the Foggy Albion immediately turned their attention to a new hunting dog, because there were inveterate hunters here.
In England, the spaniels have acquired an excellent reputation, using great respect. According to the description, they were even considered the king's pets. Known is the fact that in the territory of modern Wales in the tenth century for the theft of four-armed of this breed a huge penalty was levied. And it's no wonder, if you know how much such a puppy cost. And he was worth a lot of money at that time - a pound.
Variegated variety
All the pets after a while settled throughout England. The strategy of hunting in different counties differed depending on the landscapes, as well as the tastes and needs of the owners. This led to the appearance among spaniels of a variety of different subspecies, which differed in the length of the coat, in size, in color. Such families received their name in honor of the area where they were divorced or the owner.
The smallest representatives of the breed were divorced by the Duke of Marlborough in Blenheim Castle. Here are derived direct progenitors of English coccors - Sussex and field-cpaniels.
Disappearing species
It is very difficult to calculate how many varieties were bred for several centuries in England. For information sources can be called a figure of about twenty. However, most of the new breeds that were created disappeared after the owners stopped hunting.
About
The first information about appeared in 1697. Hunters of the county of Wales and Devonshire worked on this species. Dogs already then cut the tail half. This was done in order to avoid injuries while tracking down game.
The English Cocker boasted a huge palette of colors and differed from his brethren in a small size with a slightly elongated torso, light weight and thick hair. The draftsmen continued to add the blood of other spaniels to the dogs.
And already in the middle of the nineteenth century the English Cocker was recognized as a full breed. He was presented in 1859 at the Birmingham exhibition. The most famous breeder, Wiegett, was the owner of an English Cocker named Obo. The dog with this name became the model of the breed. The following generations of breeders began to orientate on it. James Ferrow has created a nursery with the dogs of the ancestors Obo, who have repeatedly become winners at the exhibitions. Two representatives of Obo-1 and Chloe-2 went to the US, where they laid the foundation for a breed such as an American cocker spaniel.
Puppies from Obo-1 and Chloe-2 named Obo-2. A little grown up dog, taking part in exhibitions, attracted the attention of dog handlers.
The pet had some differences from English cockers - these are very large eyes. If this happened in England, then this event, most likely, was declared a flaw, but the Americans found this feature charming and decided to bring out a new breed of companion for the family.
So there were puppies of an independent breed - an American cocker spaniel.
Tail
During the hunt, a dog with a long tail, constantly wagging it, often huddled in the blood. It was then decided to stop the tails of pets, leaving a segment consisting of four vertebrae. The case with our spaniel shows that this, in addition, improves the appearance of the species. As the pictures show, the cupping gives the silhouette of the cockers a greater harmony.
Description of the cocker spaniel
What was changed by the Americans in the exterior of the cocker? First of all, they changed the shape of the head, making the muzzle twice as short as the length of the skull. The transition from the high forehead to the muzzle became more noticeable, and the eyes, as seen in the photo, became huge and expressive.
Secondly, the coat has become lush, longer, and the undercoat is thicker. She is now falling off the dog's trunk (see photo). Among other things, the description of the breed shows that the belly, chest, ears and paws adorn dense curls (see photo).
Although American horseshoe cats are not used for hunting, they have a fairly developed musculature and a strong backbone, which indicates the endurance and activity of the dog.
Main characteristics
American Cocker Spaniel is a small, strong, compact dog with well-developed muscles and a beautiful head on a long neck, as shown in the photo. The height at the withers reaches thirty-five thirty-eight centimeters, the average weight is up to twelve and a half kilograms.
Puppies have, as seen in the photo, a rather wide muzzle, long, low-set, hanging ears, covered with silky long hair. The tail is cut to half.
This species differs from other spaniels from wool - long, thick and very silky, slightly wavy with a good undercoat, longer on the ears, abdomen, chest, legs.
Color is quite diverse, as seen in the photo. There are monochrome, for example, brown, red, fawn. Not an exception and black. There are puppies tri-color, bicolour, with tan.
Black dog differs in that the nose of the nose is black. In puppies of a different color, the nostrils may be brown, as in the photo. Eyes are huge, with an iris of dark brown color.
The four-legged bogatyrs
American cockerels are pretty healthy dogs. They live up to fifteen years. Hereditary diseases they are rare, but, despite this, choosing a dog, you can cope with the health of parents.
Puppies of this variety are selected by breeders carefully in accordance with the characteristics of the character. If the character is malicious and unbalanced, then such representatives are not allowed until breeding.
Americans brought out a truly sociable breed, which is able to delicately feel the mood of its master, yet possessing a sense of tact. They will never be imposed if the master is not in the spirit, but they can always cheer him up when he is sad.
Having a friendly character, the dog is attached to all domestic pets, even able to make friends with the cat. Can sit still or play with the hosts. Video - this is confirmation.
Congenital mildness, playful character make dogs a great companion. They are affectionate and well trained, ready to obey the master, not aggressive towards strangers.
American Cocker Spaniel can stay at home alone, but not for long. The active nature of the pet requires constant contact with the person, otherwise bad habits can result, leading to mental disorders, for example, excessive barking, howling, damage to things (see video).
This master of seduction knows perfectly well how beautiful he is, and he skillfully uses it, for example, when it's not against eating. But one should not give in to charms, because a dog will quickly gain weight in this way.
Do not indulge aggressive games of the puppy, because as soon as he grows up, his strong teeth to the owners will bring a lot of trouble.
Remember that although the puppy is plush and big-eyed, however it is not a toy, so do it by training. After training, the cooks are able to show the best character traits. How to train a dog can look at the video.
How much is?
Culling or puppies with vices can be purchased for three hundred dollars, while the average price for a puppy of this breed is about seven hundred dollars. An exhibition copy with a good pedigree can be bought for two and a half thousand dollars.
How to care for and maintain
The only drawback of this pet is his luxurious fur coat, which requires serious care. That the pet was not afraid of water procedures and a comb, it is necessary to it to accustom it from the childhood. Combing wool is a daily routine. Water procedures are recommended to him every three weeks. Care is needed and the groin, and the paws, where the coots are formed.
Significantly simplifies the care of six short haircuts, which, in addition, will also emphasize the gracefulness of the shape of the cocker. However, in this case, as can be seen in the photo, the dog will have to shear every six months. There is a lot of video that will tell you how to cut your pet better.
Care for fluffy ears - a separate conversation. Since the ear is constantly clogged with dirt and small rubbish, you need to regularly clean your ears to avoid a variety of ear infections. And that fluffy long ears are not soiled in food, it is necessary in the care to include their tie or use a special feeder, where there is a narrow throat (see photo).
Care for the eyes of an American Cocker is to thoroughly clean them with a cotton pad moistened without the use of soap. Such care helps prevent eye infection.
Do not forget about keeping your nails and teeth clean. Care for them involves and (see video).
Feeding
Feeding a Cocker is not difficult, you just need to follow certain rules, depending on the age of your pet.
Having hunting roots, the cocker is very mobile, so its nutrition should provide the body with the necessary stock of trace elements and calories. Near the bowl of food should always be fresh water, which is necessary for normal metabolism.
Nutrition of the baby must necessarily consist of dairy products containing vitamins and calcium. From the age of two months it is necessary to introduce marine fish into the diet to increase the phosphorus content in a young organism. However, before feeding the baby with fish, it must be cleaned of bones. The content of meat products in the diet should also be increased. Protein feeding will significantly increase muscle mass, providing energy to the growing body. implies at any age entering into the diet of vegetables and cereals.
Feed your baby an American cocker spaniel at two months old need six times a day in small portions, gradually reducing for a year to two meals a day. Adult dogs can be fed once, but provided that the correct daily allowance is selected.
Cocker spaniel nutrition will not be complete without the introduction of bone in the diet, for example, beef and pork ribs, as well as bones with the remains of meat and cartilage, which provide the body with dogs calcium and other substances that are necessary for the growth of the dog.
Adult dogs are encouraged to gnaw bone to prevent the formation of tartar and training the jaw (see video).
Evaluation of breed characteristics
Brief description of the breed
American cocker spaniels are known and loved in Russia, as well as in their homeland - in the US. Initially bred in quality, they perfectly cope with the role of the companion dog and show excellent results during sporting events. Good-natured, balanced, active and small dogs can live in almost any family, including a family with kids and pets. About the eyes-pools of American cocker spaniels, the expression of which makes the master forgive the dog any pranks, legends go.American cockerels - proportional, long-haired dogs of small size, are distinguished by high perfection. Their height is about 35 cm in females and 38 cm in males. The weight of dogs is about 10-15 kg. Head: Proportional to the whole body of the dog, the skull has a rounded shape, with well-defined superciliary arches. Muzzle: wide enough, nose (brown or black) with developed nostrils, eyes slightly almond shaped in dark color, bite of strong teeth is scissor-shaped. The dog's ears are long, hanging, low set. Neck: long, muscular, without suspension. Torso: the line of strong back of American cocaids goes to the bottom towards the lumbar region. The chest is deep and wide. Extremities: parallel, straight, with developed skeleton and musculature. Thighs are powerful. Paws are compact, large. Tail: often stops. Wool: slightly wavy or straight, in the head region the dog's fur is short, on a body of medium length. Decorating the long coat of American Cockers on the limbs, chest, abdomen and ears. Color: black, light fawn, brown, red, black with markings, spotted (white with spots of other colors - brown, black, red). Lifespan: 12-15 years.
Read also:
Photo of the American Cocker Spaniel:
Pictures of dogs of breed American Cocker Spaniel | Dreamstime.com
History of origin
The ancestors of modern American Cockers are, whose ancestors were similar in description to the long-eared fries of Spain. And it is not known for certain where such dogs have come from on the Iberian Peninsula. Presumably, they were imported from Asia Minor for hunters as assistants during the extraction of a bird and a small animal. And who and at what time brought spaniels to the UK - it's unknown. It is believed that the first mention of the breed (dogs similar to English spaniels) dates back to the late 1690s. The breed was officially recognized only 150 years later, during the dog show in Birmingham, England. Although the popularity in the hunting circles of English cocks was colossal. According to some researchers, English cocker spaniels were imported into the territory of the modern US state in the 18th century to participate in hunting, but then there was no question of breeding a new breed. And already in the 19th century the descendants of the best representatives of the breed were brought to America systematically (for the work of breeders), which served as the impetus for the creation of a new breed of dogs - the American Cocker Spaniel. In 1881, the American Spaniel Club was created, where they dealt with the problems of breeding American cocks. Originated from their English ancestors, the American Spaniels differed in their special exterior: a thicker, longer and silky coat (compared to English cockers), large eyes, a bright transition from the forehead to the muzzle. American cocktails attracted the attention of not only hunters, but also ordinary dog lovers due to their cheerful disposition, activity and friendly attitude towards people. The breed standard was approved after the Second World War.Character of the American cocker spaniel
These dogs are distinguished by their innate intelligence, a sense of tact in relation to the owner, friendliness to other animals in the house. Such a dog is ideal for a single person, as well as for a large family. American spaniel certainly need daily communication with the owner, so this dog is unlikely to suit a person who does not have a single extra minute in between work breaks. American cockers are very active and playful, like long walks and outings on nature. They get on well with calm, non-aggressive dogs. Love games with children. Not bad trainees trained. Due to their small size, American spaniels can. Perhaps their living and in the open air in the presence of a fenced enclosure and warm, closed from the draft of the kennel, provided that the mercury column does not take critical readings. Caring for the thick, luxurious wool of American hackers requires a certain skill from the owner. In addition to daily combing out, an American spaniel will need a visit to the trimming room for hair reduction procedures on the face, ears, neck and paws. Non-exhibiting dogs are bathed in the process of contamination not more than once in 2-3 weeks by special means (shampoos for long-haired dogs using balm, gel or oil after washing off the shampoo), provided that the owner will keep a watchful eye on the condition of the coat (combing, cutting, dog after walks for the presence of stuck to the wool of dirt, grass, bloodsuckers). It is necessary to accustom the dog to the brush from the first days of her stay in the house, then the animal should get used to the need for bathing and drying with a hair dryer (at first the dog may experience some discomfort from such procedures). By the way, almost all American cockerels adore bathing in open reservoirs (after salted water the dog should be bathed at home or at least rinsed with clean running water). Long ears of American Cockers during meals are often tied to avoid contamination of food.American cockers can be trained by the owner or be entrusted to an experienced trainer. It is worthwhile to understand that for a dog's self-training it will be necessary to have a necessary playground, equipment, and certain knowledge in this field. These dogs pass with the owner or an experienced cynologist General Obedience Courses (OKD), General Courses of Upbringing (OKW) or General Training Courses (OKD). If the dog is purchased for game hunting, you should think about the workout - a rather complicated and lengthy process, which has a number of subtleties, which can be taught only by an experienced hunter or a professional natashchik.
Health and disease
By their nature, American cockerels are not painful dogs, however, they are not immune from some complex diseases. The most common of the diseases of the breed are: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (a hereditary disease characterized by connective tissue dysplasia, due to the disease, the skin of the dog becomes excessively flabby, extensible, loses its strength and is easily damaged by mechanical (or other) injuries), dilated cardiomyopathy myocardial disease, characteristic for the most part.) However, among small dogs it is the cocker spaniels that often suffer such ailment), eye diseases (retinal dysplasia, dry keratococcus nyunktivit (dry eye syndrome), cataract, etc.), ear inflammation (otitis), skin diseases (atopy, allergic dermatitis, etc.), hypothyroidism (endocrine disease caused by abnormal thyroid function), urolithiasis (formation of stones-urolytes in the bladder), epilepsy (a disease caused by damage to the brain and nervous system of the dog).Some interesting facts
- In the name of the breed, the original idea of its creation and breeding is laid, as the "cocker", according to some researchers, originated from the English word, in the translation meaning "kulik". Thus, it was reflected the purpose of the cocker spaniels - hunting for marsh, water and other birds.
- American Cocker Spaniels (along with English Cockers and) are traditionally recognized as the best dogs for families with children. Their compact size will not be affected in any way by the child during games, and activity and curiosity will allow the baby to play with the dog for a long time. They are recognized as universal - hunting, sporting and just domestic pets of their owners. With all the tasks, American cocks are doing brilliantly. By the way, unlike his direct ancestor - the English Cocker, during the formation of the American breed, attention was paid to the dog's exterior, rather than to hunting qualities, which gave the world a wonderful cockerer with sad and unusually intelligent eyes.
American Cocker Spaniel - the smallest of hunting dogs. This is a very joyful, mobile, hardy animal, deduced for hunting by feather.
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The history of the American cocker spaniel
The history of this breed can be judged by its long name. At first appeared its ancient progenitors - spaniels. It is believed that this happened in the sunny and rich hunting grounds of Spain. Then for the spaniels that got to England, local breeders took them and brought out a lot of breeds, including cocks. All of them were also used for hunting. And, finally, the charming English spaniels found themselves in the late 19th century on another continent. Here, the breeders had other ideas of beauty, so the local cynologists took up the coccers. And for some fifty years they managed to create a new breed!
In the country of rabbits
It is obvious that the word "spaniel" is of Spanish origin. Here, on the Iberian Peninsula, the first spaniel-like dogs appeared. Most of them were knights-crusaders, who loved to hunt rabbits and feathered game. But if you believe the data of archaeologists, chunky pets with hanging ears came to Europe from Asia Minor. The ancestors of the spaniels visited different countries before they found themselves in Spain. Similar dogs were bred in both North Africa and the Balkan Peninsula. And then on their ships the Carthaginians brought pets to the peninsula. There were so many rabbits that the country was called Spain, which in translation from Carthaginian means "the country of rabbits".
Newly arrived dogs well hunted for birds and rabbits - and the Spaniards seriously engaged in breeding the breed, giving the world spaniels.
Changing Professions
The ancestors of the coders changed a lot of hunting specializations. They hunted small animals and birds, took part in falconry and hunting with the net. And when the firearm was invented, spaniels became talented girlfriend dogs.
Approximated to the King
It's hard to say when exactly spaniels hit the Foggy Albion. But the English just could not help but pay attention to the new hunting breed, because they were avid hunters and dog lovers.
Spaniels in England had an excellent reputation, enjoyed great respect and were generally considered royal pets. It is known that in the 10th century in the territory of present-day Wales for the theft of these four-footed hunters a large fine was levied. This is not surprising, because every dog cost a pound - a lot of money for those times.
Variegated diversity
Over time, the spaniels settled throughout England. In different counties, depending on the landscape, hunting strategies differed. In addition, the tastes and needs of the owners changed. Therefore among spaniels appeared a lot of different subspecies. They differed in size, color, and length of hair. These canine "families" received names in honor of the breeding ground or aristocrat, who owned them.
The smallest representatives of the breed were bred in the castle of Blenheim. Here the dukes of Marlborough brought out Sussex and Field Spaniels, which became the direct progenitors of English Cockers.
Disappeared
It is difficult to count how many varieties of spaniels were bred in England for several centuries. Sources say that there were about 20 of them. Besides, most of the created breeds disappeared, when the owners ceased to engage in those kinds of hunting, for which the animals were withdrawn.
Who is Obo
The first information about English cocker spaniels appeared in 1697. The breed was practiced by hunters in the counties of Wales and Devonshire. Even then, these dogs were cut off by the tails halfway so that they would not get injured while tracking the game.
English cockers could boast a wide variety of colors, like other spaniels. At that time, they differed from their brethren except that a small size, slightly elongated body, thick hair and light weight. However, the breeders still poured the blood of other spaniels to these dogs.
Everything changed only in the middle of the 19th century. By this time, English cockers were recognized as a full breed. They were introduced in 1859 at the exhibition in Birmingham. The most famous breeder was Willet - the owner of the English Cocker Spaniel Obo. A dog with a strange name has rightfully become a pedigree standard. On the next generations of breeders were oriented. At the end of the 19th century, James Ferrow created his own nursery, and his dogs, the ancestors of Obo, more than once became winners in pedigree exhibitions. And two of them, Obo-1 and Chloe-2, were sent to the United States and the American cocker spaniel began to breed.
And where is the tail?
When dogs with long tails hunted in the grounds, they constantly wagged them and often pinched them in the blood. Then the owners decided to tail their pets, leaving only a segment of four vertebrae. In the case of cocker spaniels it turned out that this also improves the exterior of the breed. After cupping, the silhouette of the cockers becomes more harmonious. But now, when the breed has become more decorative, in Europe this operation is being carried out less and less. And in some countries it was completely banned as inhuman.
A little more than half a century
After the meeting of Chloe 2 and Obo-1 in the United States, a puppy appeared. American breeders did not begin to rack their brains and called the dog Obo-2 after his "grandfather". The grown up dog took part in several exhibitions and immediately attracted the attention of local cynologists.
This pet was different from the usual English cocks. He had rather large eyes. In England, this would immediately be declared a defect, but the Americans found such a charming feature. Local breeders decided to create a new breed - not a hunter, but a companion for the whole family. In 1881, the American Spaniel Club appeared, and already in 2 years a program was developed for the development of both breeds of cocks.
At first "Americans" and "Englishmen" knit among themselves. But in 1915 the American cockerels did not look the same as their English ancestors. In 20 years, interbreeding was forbidden, and after 30 years the new breed was recognized as independent.
Description of breed American Cocker Spaniel
What changed the Americans in the cocker spaniel's exterior? First, the shape of the head changed: the muzzle became two times shorter than the length of the skull, the transition from the high forehead to the muzzle became more noticeable, and the eyes became expressive and huge, like the alien from another planet.
Secondly, the wool has changed. It became longer, more magnificent, the undercoat became thicker. Now she falls from the torso of the dog, like a luxurious princess dress at a ball. In addition, the chest, belly, ears and feet of the American cocker are decorated with dense curls.
It's interesting that although American cocks are not used for hunting, they have rather developed musculature and a strong backbone. This is a very hardy and active dog that is ready to run for a long time without getting tired.
Main characteristics: height, weight, color
Cocker Spaniel from the United States - a small, strong and compact dog with a beautifully planted head on a long neck and well-developed muscles. Its height at the withers is 35 - 38 cm, weight is on average 12, 5 kg.
Its muzzle is quite wide, its ears are long, hanging, low-set, covered with long silky hair. The tail is half-docked, although it is possible not to stop.
From the remaining spaniels the wool of dogs of this breed is distinguished by its long, thick and very silky coat. It is slightly wavy, has a good undercoat. On the chest, abdomen, ears and legs is longer.
Color is quite diverse: monochrome (red, brown, black, fawn), with a tan, two-color, three-color.
The nose of black dogs is black, and in dogs of another color, it can also be brown. Large eyes should have a dark brown iris.
The four-footed hero
American cocker spaniels are very healthy dogs that survive to 15 years. But they occasionally have hereditary diseases - otitis and eye diseases. So when choosing a puppy, you should pay attention to the state of his eyelids, and also to cope with the health of his parents.
Character
All American cocker spaniels are carefully selected by breeders, including by character traits. Very angry and unbalanced dogs are simply not allowed to breed, because even according to the standard, such traits are considered a breed defect.
The Americans managed to get a truly sociable dog. She is very sensitive to the mood of the hosts and has a sense of tact. The pet will never get imposed if the person is not in the spirit, but will always cheer the master when it is sad.
The rest of the time it's just very friendly and tied to all the domestic dogs. She can sit still if necessary, but prefers active games with her beloved masters.
Despite the fact that the breed was derived as hunting, now it is almost completely used as a family companion dog. This was made possible through innate mildness, devotion, a wonderful attitude towards children and a playful nature.
Thanks to these qualities, cockerels have become very popular with breeders, and now they can be seen more often at exhibitions than on hunting.
They are well trained and obedient, ready to obey any commands of the owner, are affectionate and not aggressive towards other dogs and strangers. They have a sense of self-worth and refined manners.
American cocker spaniels are full of enthusiasm and friendliness, are always ready to play not only with dogs, but also other pets.
A representative of this breed can be boldly started in a house with a cat, they often have a very close friendship.
American cocker spaniel can be left at home alone, but not for long. Such an active dog needs constant contact with people. With a lack of attention, she may have bad habits associated with mental disorders: howling, excessive barking, damage to things.
Ideally, such a dog will suit a large family with children, in which there is always someone at home.
It is better not to get a representative of this breed to those who do not want or who do not have enough time to engage in their pet.
Do not give in to charms!
American Cocker Spaniel is a master of seduction. He knows how beautiful he is, and skillfully uses it in different situations. For example, when he wants to eat something delicious. Cocker will connect all the charm to get a tasty slice. But you can not give in to charms, otherwise the dog will quickly gain excess weight.
Do not indulge and aggressive games of this baby. He can grasp his heels, bite his hands, cling to his teeth and hang on his trousers. At first it looks funny, but when the dog grows up, these habits will get rid of later, and his strong teeth will bring a lot of trouble to the owners.
The exquisite appearance and good natured complaisant nature of the American cocker spaniel make him a great companion. This beautiful little dog was bred for hunting, but today it has become a pet. It adapts well to living in urban apartments. Therefore, it is more and more often found on the streets of modern megacities. Having become acquainted with today's article, you will learn a lot of useful information about the representatives of this breed.
Origin
These dogs have a very long history. Experts are sure that Spain is the birthplace of spaniels. The ancestors of these animals were lop-eared long-haired bird dogs, who were in England during the time of her conquest by the troops of Julius Caesar. Cockers stood out from the whole variety of spaniels with their miniature sizes. The height of an adult dog should not exceed 30 centimeters, and weight - 10-12 kilograms.
In 1893 they were recognized by the London Kennel Club as a separate breed. And nine years later the first official standard of English cocks was approved. Having come from Britain to the United States, these dogs continued to change. As a result, an American Cocker Spaniel appeared. The nature and appearance of this dog was fully consistent with the purposes for which it was displayed. Despite the fact that American and English cockers were exhibited in different exhibition rings, during a certain period they were crossed among themselves. But in the 30-ies of the XX century, a decision was made to ban interbreeding. And on July 30, 1992, the official American Cocker standard was approved. Over time, representatives of this breed have spread throughout the world and have gained popularity among professional breeders. In Russia, these dogs were not found until the 1970s.
Breed description
The American cocker spaniel, in the nature of which the hunting instincts are clearly traced, has a memorable appearance. It has a well-balanced compact body with a deep thorax and a proportional beautiful head. On a round, not flat skull are well-defined superciliary arches and a clear transition from the forehead to the wide muzzle. Equal rectangular jaws of the animal are covered with tightly fitting lips. Small almond-shaped eyes of the spaniel should be painted in a dark brown color. The hanging long ears of the Cocker are covered with thick soft wool.
A muscular neck with a slight hanging in the throat region smoothly passes into a well-defined withers, strong back and straight loins, turning into a docked, slightly raised tail. Under a slightly extended body of representatives of the breed American cocker spaniel, photos of which can be seen in today's article, muscular limbs with gathered paws and hard pads. Well outlined animal blades are slightly retracted.
Coat and allowable colors
The whole body of the American Cocker is covered with silky straight or slightly wavy fur. On the head the wool is shorter, on the body - hair of medium length. On the ears, chest, abdomen and limbs of the dog there are beautiful stripes, hiding the natural outlines of the dog.
As for color, the standard allows for several different options. American cocker spaniel, the character and exterior of which make him an excellent companion, can be black and tan, speckled, spotty and monophonic. The most common is the color range, ranging from brown to light-pale shade. The color of the animal should be uniform, without any impurities. The standard allows for a white tie on the chest or throat of the dog. As for the scorpions, they should not occupy more than 10% of the main tone.
Character of the American cocker spaniel
And the disposition, and the appearance of this little dog, always evoke tenderness. Representatives of this breed are very optimistic and friendly. They are always ready to accompany their owner for walks and long voyages. They are very obedient and easy to train. With proper education, excellent companions grow up from American Cockers.
They get along well with children and get along well with other pets. These spaniels need constant communication with a person. In the absence of contact with the owner, the dog may feel unnecessary. Therefore, it can not be left alone for a long time.
In the nature of the American cocker spaniel inherent in the natural love of people. This doggie quickly becomes attached to all members of the host family and needs to communicate with them more than in games with their congeners. Affectionate, good-natured and tireless Cocker will become an ideal dog for a teenager. He will make a wonderful partner for children's mobile ball games.
Care of hair
Representatives of this breed need regular combing and cutting. Despite the good nature of the American cocker spaniel, caring for the hair can cause some dissatisfaction on his part. Therefore, it is necessary to accustom a dog to hygienic procedures from puppyhood. Immediately after the baby gets used to the new place of residence, it is gradually introduced to the comb and hair dryer. Approximately once a month and a half it is advisable to visit the groomer. Over time, when the puppy gets used to this procedure, you can increase the break between visits to the dog hairdresser.
Combing the luxurious coat of a cocker is desirable at least three times a week. Of course, this takes a lot of time, but the result is worth the effort. If your does not allow you to regularly comb out the pet, then it can be cut short. From this the dog will get a more neat look, and you will save a lot of free time.
It is necessary to wash the animal no more often than once in two months. Doing this is desirable with the use of special shampoos, sold in any department of pet products. During water procedures it is important to ensure that water does not get into the eyes and ears of the dog. After washing, the wool of the cocker can be rinsed with a weak solution of vinegar. From this it will become more brilliant.
Care of teeth, claws and ears
Like any other dog, an American cocker spaniel, whose character is described a little above, needs the care of its master. Special care is required by the long hanging ears of the animal. In order to avoid dust and dirt accumulating in the ear canals, they must be cleaned regularly. In addition, it is important to regularly cut thick wool in the area of the auricles in order to ensure normal ventilation.
No less attention is required to the teeth of the dog. To prevent oral diseases, they must be regularly cleaned with a special brush and paste. In addition, it is important to remove the formed tartar in a timely manner. This can be done at any veterinary clinic.
It is also necessary to monitor the length of dog claws. As they grow, they cut them off with a special device. You need to do this very carefully, so as not to damage living tissues.
American Cocker Spaniel, the nature and nutrition of which are described in today's publication, can eat both industrial and natural food. In both cases, it is important to observe the recommended norms, since the representatives of this breed are often obese.
Those who decided to give their pet dry food should give preference to proven brands superpremium or holistic class. In such products contain all the necessary vitamins and trace elements. The composition of quality dry food should not be potatoes, corn and wheat.
For those who are planning to give their cookies natural products, it is important to remember that the basis of the canine diet should be meat. Dogs can be given beef, lamb and poultry. About two times a week, the meat component is recommended to be replaced by low-fat marine fish. Also in the menu of the animal there should be eggs, vegetables, cottage cheese, kefir, rice and buckwheat.
Education
Representatives of this breed can easily be trained. The character of the American cocker spaniel promotes high learning ability and quick memorization of the basic commands. Education puppy should be dealt with immediately after his appearance in your home. It is important that the baby remember his name from the first days. As soon as the puppy begins to joyfully run up to the call, you can proceed to study more complex commands.
In the process of training you need to exercise consistency and hardness. Do not allow the puppy what will later be banned by an adult dog. Initially, the training should take place in a game form. Categorically forbidden to shout at the animal, much less beat it.
Breeding diseases
In general, American cocker spaniels are distinguished by strong health and good immunity. But, like any other living beings, they are prone to certain diseases. They are often diagnosed with allergies, atopic dermatitis, obesity, seborrhea and otitis.
Also American cockers are prone to urolithiasis and problems with the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, they sometimes detect corneal dystrophy, glaucoma, cataracts, hepatitis, hip dysplasia and epilepsy.
Conclusion
From all of the above, we can conclude that the American Cocker Spaniel - the ideal family dog. He has a touching appearance and good-natured, cheerful character.
Representatives of this breed perfectly adapt to any conditions of detention and do not require complex specific care. They can be fed both industrial and natural food. Plus they all have a well-developed intelligence and are quite capable of training. With proper education, excellent companions and partners in mobile games are obtained from them.
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