To be able to help dogs when knitting, or at least to make sure that everything is going well, you will have to learn more about the structure of the reproductive system and the physiology of reproduction of these animals.
The male has paired sex glands (testes) in which spermatozoa form. For a normal course of spermatogenesis, a temperature below that which exists in the abdominal cavity is necessary. That is why, during development, the testes must leave the abdominal cavity, where they are in the beginning of the dog's life, and descend into the scrotum. Males with unopened testicles (cryptorchids) are infertile. In the case of the non-admission of only one testicle, the male retains sexual activity and, albeit a lowered fertility. Nevertheless, one-sided cryptorchs can not be used as producers - this developmental defect is transmitted to the offspring.
In addition to testicles, there are also additional genital glands. The liquid product of their secretion ensures the viability of spermatozoa and serves as the lubrication of the genital tract of the bitch during mating.
The penis of a male in an unexcited state is hidden in a leathery bag (prepuce). By the way, if you notice that the dog is often licked, and the edges of the prepuce are red and swollen, gently rinse with warm boiled water or a weak solution of chamomile inside the bag. It accumulates the protein secret of the gonads, the remains of urine, which can cause the development of infection. If you have purulent discharge, consult a doctor, but do not try to give antibiotics yourself to the dog - unsystematic treatment will not give them anything, and the disease will go to chronic.
Any disease of the genito-urinary organs, if it is started, can lead to infertility. Some infections are transmitted during sexual intercourse.
With the development of sexual arousal the penis strains and exits the prepuce. This phenomenon is called an erection. There is an erection due to a surge of blood to the genitals: inside the penis there are cavernous bodies, permeated with a mass of blood vessels: with increased blood filling, they sharply increase in volume. In addition to cavernous bodies, the stiffness of the penis is also ensured by a thin bone running along the long axis. With rough intervention in the process of mating, a bone fracture of the penis is possible; A dog that has sustained such trauma is not physically more capable of mating.
In females, the paired sex glands (ovaries) are in the abdominal cavity - on the ovum the elevated temperature does not act as destructively as on spermatozoa. Each ovule in the ovary is surrounded by several layers of epithelial cells that supply it with nutrients and protect it from damage. This formation is called the follicle (vesicle). As the estrus approaches, some follicles increase in size. Cover cells move away from the genital so that the latter is floating in a cavity filled with a follicular fluid. This fluid plays a huge role in the very process of fertilization, and in the development of pregnancy, because it contains a large number of hormones and other biologically active substances. At the onset of estrus, the follicle bursts, the follicular fluid flows out of it and the egg leaves - ovulation occurs. The ruptured follicle itself undergoes complex changes and turns into a yellow body. The main function of this cellular formation is the release of a hormone that supports pregnancy. How many eggs in the bitch ovulated as many yellow bodies formed.
At some pathologies of reproduction external signs of sexual activity of a bitch are not accompanied by an ovulation. This can be determined by a clinical examination for the absence of yellow bodies in the ovaries, which should be probed on the surface of the ovaries through the wall of the rectum. There is also the opposite phenomenon: no signs of estrus, and ovulation has occurred. This phenomenon has received the figurative name silent hunting. Infertility is also characteristic for quiet hunting because the bitch does not seek mating.
These and many other pathologies of reproduction are usually associated with violations of the hormonal balance, with the transmitted diseases, and the most frequent causes, as always, are unbalanced nutrition, overfeeding, lack of movement.
If you had to resort to hormonal medications when treating a disease, talk to your doctor before you knit a bitch. Alien hormones greatly alter their hormonal balance organism, there may be a violation of the sexual cycle, the process of fertilization, the development of embryonic deformities.
A characteristic feature of ovulation in bitches is that ovules that are not yet capable of fertilization emerge from the follicles. Within 3 days they ripen, being in the oviducts of the bitch. Spermatozoons introduced by the male during sexual intercourse retain their viability up to 7 days. See, what margin of safety is released by nature, so that fertilization is inevitable.
In the ejaculate, that is, the portions of sperm ejaculated in one mating, 500 to 1300 million spermatozoa are contained, but will merge with the ovules and give birth to new lives only a negligible minority of them. After all, only one sperm is needed for the fertilization of one egg; as soon as it merges with its nucleus, all other spermatozoa can no longer penetrate the membrane of the mother cell. The same spermatozoa that are in the cytoplasm of the egg, and not having time to reach its nucleus, will be destroyed by enzymes.
Hence it follows that if a bitch is tied with two males, then each pup can have one father (and not two, as is sometimes assumed) but here in the litter puppies from both males are possible. Determining the truth of paternity is a complicated matter, requiring the finest laboratory research (DNA analysis), and in our country is not done. In this regard, when knitting bitch should avoid possible accidents, because of which you will be tormented by the question, who is the father of puppies?
Another misconception, which has long historical roots, is the myth of the influence of the first male on all subsequent litters of the bitch. According to this belief, a bitch, once tied with a mongrel or other breed by a male dog, will bring puppies, like the first male, with whom they mate. There are no biological grounds for this. Spermatozoa will die at the latest 7 days after mating, and there is no other hereditary vehicle other than the spermatozoon in dogs, like other living things.
Such an excursion into the physiology of reproduction will help you to approach the conduct of the mating correctly.
At the appearance of the first precursors of estrus in the bitch (tagging, increasing activity or aggressiveness) every day, inspect her external genitalia. The loop becomes somewhat enlarged, as if swollen, there are spotting spots. Many bitches actively lick these discharges, and in order not to miss the first day of estrus, do every morning the following: with a cotton swab gently dilate the edges of the loop and apply the swab to the mucous membrane. This procedure will give you the opportunity to notice the slightest trace of blood.
Gathered knit bitch, do not forget to conduct preventive deworming. A vaginal preparation after mating, especially at long gestations, will provoke miscarriage, or cause the development of congenital malformations in puppies.
By past estrus you already know how many days this period lasts. Now it is necessary to determine the exact terms of hunting, that is, the days of possible mating. Many owners knit their bitches according to the generally accepted pattern: on the 9th or 11th days - and not always successfully. The fact is that every bitch has a very individual, and in the course of time a changing cycle of sexual activity. In one bitch, hunting may occur on the third day of estrus, in another - not before the 15th; it is clear that none of them will let the dog in the average time. That is why the willingness to knit must be determined individually for each bitch and in each estrus.
There are two most convenient ways to detect hunting. The first of these is as follows: the bitch is stroked over the hips and pressed on the lower back to the rump; if she strains, stands up and lifts up or pulls the tail aside, then she is ready to take the dog. Second method: gently press the lower part of the loop (acute angle); The loop should be raised and its edges extended. The bitch at this moment stiffens hard on the spot or starts to make short movements of the hips, as if pushing something forward. The last method of hunting is more accurate.
When you make sure that the bitch is ready for pairing, you do not have to reduce it with the dog: 2 -3 days of delay - and you can wait until the next heat.
Unfortunately, it is rare to hold a natural, or free, mating. For this it is necessary to have an enclosure or a securely fenced yard, where there are no extraneous people and stray dogs. Dogs have to be introduced in advance, taking all precautions, as a dog frightened by an unfamiliar situation can bite a dog. After the first acquaintance, the dog takes care of the bitch for quite a long time. He invites her to run, cuddling in a gesture of good intentions with her breast to the ground and whimpering. If the bitch behaves non-aggressively, he starts to lick her ears, sides, loop, and only then tries to make a cage. At the first cage, the bitch usually seldom stands quietly, often squats, turns and snaps at the dog, and then the whole round of courtship begins again. Both the dog and the bitch continually mark the urine with different objects ... In the end, by mutual consent, there is mating, but not necessarily the first day of acquaintance. In the city, of course, virtually none of the owners can agree to give their dogs an opportunity.
It is extremely risky to try to conduct a free mating just on the street, even in a forest or park. Dogs can run very far, and it is not at all ruled out that instead of the male chosen by you or the club, the female will tie some other one. And the appearance of spectators from among random passers-by also does not contribute to a successful outcome of the case.
Usually it is necessary to resort to the so-called manual mating, when the owners control all the actions of dogs. The mating should be carried out in the apartment where the male lives. On its territory the bitch can be aggressive, and the dog is so insecure in his own strength that he will not even try to approach the bitch.
The bitch is fed on the day of mating, but not too abundantly. If she has a habit of regurgitating food from excitement or fatigue, she can not be fed. It is better not to feed the dog at all, he has a lot to do and to move actively. In the warm season, dogs are knit early in the morning or late in the evening, when the heat recedes. In hot weather, a dog can be bathed in a pond or a river before knitting, but bathing should not be long-it's enough for him to refresh himself. The bitch in the estrus can not be bathed categorically, as it is possible penetration of pathogens into the genital tract, and such inflammatory processes are treated for a long time and not always successfully.
Before the advent of the bitch of a male, you should walk and lock in such a place that you can introduce your girlfriend into the house without disturbance. On the bitch, especially at the first mating, it is necessary to put on a muzzle or (if the dog is small) to pull her jaws with a loop of bandage. It should have a soft collar; you can fasten a short leash, but usually it only hinders. All these precautions will relieve you of many troubles, since a bitch, even with an angelic character, can begin to bite. And it is quite understandable: she can be frightened by an unfamiliar situation, an unfamiliar dog and just emotionally unprepared for mating.
The bitch is held in the room indicated by the owner of the dog. If the floors are slippery, it is better to put the bitch on an old path or mat, but we advise clean cleaning of carpets and carpets in advance - they will inevitably become soiled.
Advice to the owner of the bitch: arrange with possible amenities, it is possible that you will have to sit for a long time, almost without changing the pose. Firmly take the dog for the collar and talk to her gently and calmly, trying to cheer her up.
Now it's time to let the dog in. It can have a soft collar, but it is not necessary. Muzzle on the male does not wear, because he does not bite a bitch, and on its owner and even more so does not pay attention. Many males for the development of a full sexual arousal just need to lick the loop of bitches, although there are some that are perfectly manageable without any foreplay.
Remember that the fewer people assist in knitting, the more confusing - it's still not a circus. It is quite enough the presence of the owner of the bitch, the owner of the dog and, if necessary, the mating instructor (his club recommends). All the others must wait outside the door and do not look every minute to find out how things are going. It is in such cases that the case is usually delayed.
At the first cages the inexperienced dog is very hot and can go to the bitch in front or side, and then you need to fix it. However, the less a dog is touched and corrected, the better he copes with his task. With the correct back garden, the dog can not immediately put a member into the loop, and then you can help him by acting carefully and carefully. Support the bitch under the belly as close as possible to perineum with one hand, and the other gently bring her loop to the moving member. Do not touch the member of the dog in any way - this will cause premature ejaculation outside, and the binding will have to be postponed for at least an hour, but most likely until the next day.
If the bitch is below the dog so much that it prevents the binding, you can put her hind legs on the sofa cushion, but the dog should still stand on the floor. You can substitute your own knee or hand under the belly of a bitch and raise the back of the trunk, but this technique is not always successful, since the delivered knee prevents the dog from hugging the bitch with the front paws.
If the bitch is above the male, they try to slightly pripozadit, bending her hind legs in the hocks; This method is quite laborious, since the bitch will strive to stand, completely straightened legs. It's easier to put a male on the pillow, making sure that the bitch does not move away from this pedestal.
All described manipulations, as a rule, require the help of a designer or another person from the family of the owners of the dog.
Whether the dog succeeded in introducing a member into the loop of a bitch, it is easy to determine from its squeal and change in the character of the dog's movements: the pelvic thrusts become very frequent and short, the male rises above the bitch, almost straightening its hind legs, sometimes even tearing them from the support. At such a moment the bitch should be kept as tight as possible. If she turns aside or sits down, the member will inevitably slip out of her genital tract, and since there has already been a complete erection (come out of the prepuce ball-shaped thickening at the root of the penis), then ejaculation can not be avoided. After ejaculation outside the dog, it is necessary to rest for at least an hour: after waiting for the erection to fall, walk with him along the street, in extreme cases, take him to another room. However, many males after ejaculation completely lose this day interest in the bitch.
If no unpleasant surprises have happened, the events continue to develop as follows: the male commits rhythmic movements of the member in the genital tract of the bitch, then freezes and sprinkles the sperm in several ways. The biting of the genital tracts of the bitch stimulates an abundant rush of blood to them, her genitals swell and tightly cover the member of the male - there is a splitting, in the modern jargon of dog breeders more often drunk with a "lock". In such a glued state the dog and the bitch stay for some time: from a few minutes to hours or more. On what the duration of the "castle" depends and what physiological processes it provides, it is still not clear. But it is quite obvious that he has no influence on the results of mating. Some males all their lives or from time to time knit and perfectly fertilize the bough generally without a "lock"; a record number of litters (15 puppies and more) was obtained from the mating with the "lock" of the usual, that is, 10-15 minutes. Nevertheless, this is the peculiarity of mating dogs, and it goes through
The male, having already been mingled with the bitch, remains for a while on it, then unclamps the front paws and places them on the side of the bitch. Now you can help him to move his hind leg through the croup of bitch, so that the dogs turn backwards towards each other. There are males who do not try to do this, but prefer to stand with the bitch side by side. Do not let them in this. Moreover, if the bitch is great for a male, it is not at all necessary to turn his leg out by dragging her through the partner's croup.
Now hold the dogs until the gluing is over. A bitch can start spinning, trying to sit or lie down, let her. It is not excluded that she will try to bite the dog just now, and then the muzzle will come in handy again. Extremely harmful and foreign noise: dogs can respond to it with sharp movements, run, so they need to be held in place until they part.
It is with sharp movements, and falls during gluing, that a fracture of the penis in the male is possible and that the vagina is turned out of the bitch. Do not try to speed up the discrepancy of dogs-these can only be disabled!
After the blood supply to the genitals is reduced, the member of the male is released, and the dogs disperse. From the loop of the bitch, a certain quantity of turbid, whitish, sometimes traces of blood is poured out. Do not be scared, it's not cum! After the end of the concretion, an excess of secretion flows, which lubricates the sexual pathways of the bitch to facilitate the movement of the penis in them. It is completely pointless to try to prevent the flow of this fluid, although there are many such recommendations. The fact that a full sperm has the ability to move against the fluid current, that is, mucus from the genital tract of the bitch flows out, and the sperm actively moves inward. Moreover, remember that ejaculation ejected at least 500 million spermatozoa and does not matter, even if lost thousands of 20. It is not necessary because of this to turn the bitch upside down, she was already tired. The poured secret (lubricant) has a sharp, very unpleasant smell and leaves a difficult to trail on the litter. That's why we did not advise you to knit dogs on a clean carpet.
After mating, allow the dogs to calmly lick their genitals and popotite animals. Closely inspect the dog. Sometimes, with a decline in excitement, a member can not return to prepositions: the hair wrapped inside the bag interferes, which is especially true for small longhaired males. Do not wash your face with cool water - this will cause a rapid outflow of blood from the body. At the same time, straighten the wrapped edge of the prep for the normal position. Do not postpone this procedure, relying on randomness: the swelling of the penis occurs very quickly, and then it will have to be adjusted in the hospital, and here the most serious consequences are not excluded.
It's time for the owners of the bitch to go home. If you stay for a while at the dog, he will again become interested in the bitch after a while and will be ready to repeat the binding. There is no big leap in this repeat, and the bitch is tired. In addition, although her sexual activity is usually restored more slowly, however, the example is more than enough for her. In this regard, on the day of mating, do not let her go off the leash for a walk. She is enough for today's love experiences.
If you do not look, the bitch with amazing ease can mate with the first male dog. Here, and then sort out what kind of dog a puppy is. - All the litter will be discarded.
Feed the dogs after mating at the usual time or when they are asked to eat.
48 hours after the first, it is recommended to conduct another, control, knitting. This is done because the time of hunting does not always coincide with the moment of ovulation and the period of maturation of eggs, the discrepancy can be quite significant. And although the spermatozoa remain viable for a long time in the genital tracts of the bitch, yet their number and fertilizing capacity decrease more and more with time. That's why it's better to be safe and tie the bitch again.
The control mating usually passes: it is easier, but it can not take place at all, if the bitch has already finished hunting. So, next year you will bring the bitch to the first mating earlier, and now you have to hope for the best.
What are the possible complications when tying? We already spoke about the discrepancy between the sizes of partners. Sometimes there is a high aggressiveness of the male in relation to the owner of the bitch, because of what the dog does not pay any attention to his lady. It makes sense to leave both dogs only with the owner of the dog, as sometimes this helps to translate the energy of the dog in the right direction. However, mating may not happen: one thing is that the presence of a bitch does not cause interest in the male, a bad sign
When the dog is calm and the bitch is not very interested, there may be two reasons. Firstly, if it is known that the male mates easily and has a lot of experience, then most likely the bitch to the mating is (already) not ready. After all, an experienced dog determines this by the smallest nuances of her behavior and smell, not even coming close. The second reason for his indifference to the bitch may be that he was not knitted, but often "worked out" for sexual concern. In this case, the owner of the dog is to leave the room, and the instructor should take care of the dogs. If the instructor does not exist, the owner of the bitch who has remained alone can try to do the following: first push the bitch's ass closer to the dog, then calmly sniff it-and then drag the bitch for the collar slightly forward. This removal of the object of sympathy sometimes helps timid males to overcome their shyness. It's completely useless to put a dog on a bitch forcibly - he will not knit it, but will struggle with all his strength out of rough hands.
If a male refuses to knit a bitch in a hunt (she does not care for a male dog or he can not correctly make a cage), the owner of the bitch immediately notifies the person responsible for the breeding of his club. The bitch is given a direction for mating to another suitable male (double).
The reason for the failed mating is the bitch. The most banal case is the wrong definition of the timing of hunting. It's good, if the bitch was brought to the dog too early, you can wait. When you are late, you can not change anything. After all, there are no such methods or means to resume the hunt that has ended.
A bitch who does not want to take a dog behaves very characteristically: she presses her tail, sits down, rocks her teeth and rushes to the dog. When she is forced to stand, she tirelessly turns out of her holding hands and hysterically binds when the males try to enter the penis into the loop. A male with enough sexual experience will not even pay attention to such a bitch, or leave her alone after the first attempt.
Rarely, but there are anomalies in the structure of the genital organs of a bitch: constriction, adhesions and even films similar to a distinctive phlegm and physically interfering with the sexual intercourse. Even if the bitch is in full hunt, the dog is not able to introduce a member deep enough. If he manages to pour out the sperm on the vestibule, the vagina, it is not at all clear whether fertilization will occur, and if it does happen, it is not known what the course of delivery will be. In such cases, a thorough gynecological examination of the genitalia of the bitch and the nature of the anomalous treatment are necessary.
If the bitch is strongly obese, her sexual activity is significantly reduced and the hunting is sluggish. In addition, it is physically inconvenient for a dog to make a cage. Here the recipe is simple - first to drive off fat, and then to get offspring. By the way, overfed bitches are common cases of pathology of pregnancy and childbirth.
But the most exotic option in such an intimate sphere of dog relationships is a bitch who wants to knit, but not with the dog she was picked. As he approaches, the discriminating beauty behaves as if there is no hunting at all, and when you press on the waist, she demonstrates all the reflexes of readiness for mating and is keenly interested in other males. In this situation, you have to resort to rigid fixation of the bitch and tightly tie her jaws. This is the real violence against the animal, so perhaps you should not take such a pair. After all, in animals, the choice of a sexual partner is carried out with the help of complex, completely unexplored mechanisms; can not for nothing bitch avoids mating with this dog? However, such cases are so rare that the negative reaction of a bitch on a male is mainly due to the lack of hunting.
The mating of dogs (or, as the novices often call it, "dog mating") is the process of mating a male and a female for the purpose of obtaining offspring. If you decide to knit your girl, but you have a lot of questions, then perhaps this article will be useful to you.
Sexual maturation and, accordingly, the ability to reproduce, appears in dogs early enough. Males, being still quite puppies - at the age of 5-6 months, already can tie a bitch. Therefore, do not underestimate your "kids" and leave them alone with the girlfriends. A bitch can get pregnant even in the first heat (at 6-7 months!).
Early matings adversely affect the health of both males and bitches. A young bitch who is not stronger than a bitch is unable to withstand the colossal load caused by pregnancy, childbirth and the feeding of puppies. And the early matings of males, still not finished their formation, are fraught with problems in the future.
The bitch is ready to knit not earlier than the second or third heat (about 15-20 months). Favorable days for mating are most often 11-13 days after the beginning of estrus. But practice shows that this is not always the case. For example, one of my bitches knits on the 9-10th day (the estrus lasts only 14-16 days), while the other one, for almost 30-odd days, tends to go down to 17-18 days.
| The mating usually occurs in the dog's territory, that is, the bitch comes to the dog home. Some owners knit dogs in neutral territory. Before knitting, both dogs should be strolled. Feed dogs before knitting is not necessary. When tying, help the dogs so that they do not interfere with them and do not frighten the dog. The owner of the bitch holds her by the neck, turning his back to the dog. The owner of the dog holds the bitch by the stomach so that it does not twist or sit down. If the male is smaller than the female, and making the cage not reach the loop, build something like a step. Do not force the dog to sit on the bitch, otherwise you can scare him for life. If after several unsuccessful gardens the dog is tired, then you can take him outside. Do not lower it from the leash and walk for 15-20 minutes. When you return to the bitch, the dog will be interested in it even more. |
The bitch on the peak days of the estrus knits very willingly: stands completely motionless, pulls back the tail, substitutes the loop and the member penetrates there easily. After the dog manages to enter the penis, he sprinkles the sperm into the bitch. At this moment, the bitch of the female sucks blood abundantly, they swell strongly and tightly cover the member of the male - there is a splice, or a lock.
Dogs can stand in a castle from a couple of minutes to an hour or even longer. The dog is helped to take a comfortable pose - gently toss his hind leg through the croup of a bitch (the dogs turn out to be tails to each other). Sometimes the dog does not show a desire to fully turn around, so do not make him "force" - let him stand on the side of the bitch, if he is so comfortable.
When the dogs are in the castle, do not leave them alone. Take care that the bitch does not sit down or press her legs, try to escape or bite the dog. Any sharp movements can severely injure a member of the dog and even lead to a fracture of the penis bone.
Dogs have matings when the lock lasts only a minute or two or is completely absent. But this does not mean that mating will be empty. The main thing is to get the sperm into the sexual ways of the bitch.
After the dogs disagree, a bit of light, sometimes bloody, fluid flows out of the loop of the bitch. Do not turn the bitch upside down and pick up her hind legs, as many craftsmen advise, ostensibly to stop it. From the bitch is not poured at all sperm, but a lubricant, which is sometimes called a pushing liquid.
The second breeding (the breeders call it control) makes sense to spend no earlier than 24 hours after the first. The period of hunting in the bitch may not coincide with the period during which the ovules are capable of fusion with spermatozoa. Sometimes this discrepancy is very important, and the bitch, tied during the hunt, remains unfertilized precisely because it takes several days from the beginning of the hunt to the maturation of the oocytes.
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Admission to binding and mandatory conditions
In order to formalize the binding in the cynological organization and, consequently, to receive documents (pedigrees) on the puppies, a number of conditions must be fulfilled. If in the future, when you submit documents to the Russian Cynological Federation (RKF), at least some of these conditions will not be met, you risk staying with puppies, on which documents will not be issued.First, the age. At the time of mating, a bitch of a Chinese crested dog must not be younger than 15 months, and a male dog is not younger than 12 months. The last age also matters: the bitch must not be older than 7.5 years, for males there is no restriction.
Bitches are allowed to breed 6 times during the period of breeding (read - for the period of their life). The mating is not permitted more than once in a calendar year. It is allowed to receive two litters in a row from one producer, provided that the interval between litter births is not less than 6 months with the obligatory requirement to the breeder that the next litter from this producer should be received no earlier than 365 days after the birth of puppies of the last litter. The repetition of this periodicity is permissible. But if you violate these intervals, the documents for the litter will not be issued.
Secondly, the pedigree. At the time of breeding, male and female must have pedigrees of the Russian Cynological Federation. Not the puppy cards that were given to you when buying a puppy, namely the pedigrees are such light laminated pieces of paper. If you are very close and you do not have documents yet, then you can pass a puppy card to the RKF for an urgent pedigree (done within one day).
Third, the evaluation from the exhibition. Both dogs (both male and female) must have an exhibition evaluation (the so-called "divorce assessment"). Evaluation must be received necessarily before knitted at the official certificate exhibition of the RKF. For males, this score is not lower than "excellent", for a bitch - not lower than "very good". Dog owners once give original Diploma in RKF when registering the first litter from their dogs.
Required documents for mating
At the time of mating, you must have a complete package of documents for two dogs (male and female). These documents will be useful to you later (in 3.5 months), when you will act puppies. Acting is an examination of the litter by an outside specialist (a representative of the kennel club), in order to assess the puppy's compliance with the breed standard, their health status, and the culling and issuing of documents. Acting takes place when the puppies are 45 days old.So, the complete list of documents required for registration of litter:
1. The act of mating ( download in Word format)
2. A copy of the pedigree of the bitch
3. A copy of the owner's passport
4. the original of the exhibition diploma with the assessment of a bitch or a copy of the title
5. A copy of the pedigree of the dog
6. A copy of the owner's passport
7. the original of the exhibition diploma with the evaluation of the male or a copy of the champion titles
8. copy of the certificate of registration of the nursery (only for the owners of the nursery)
Dogs reach puberty by the first year of life. At the age of 8-12 months the dog is already ready for the first mating. Small dogs ripen faster than large ones. Dogs are a natural process, reproduction is typical for all living organisms, as a way to preserve the race.
To dogs this process seems quite natural, but their owners often have to break their brains when selecting the right partner or partner for their well-groomed pet. In addition, the procedure itself requires knowledge from the owners, who are eager to acquire a decent offspring. The issue of mating should be approached seriously, and the novice in this issue will help experienced dog breeders who will give useful advice:
- On what day is best to lead a bitch on a date.
- What are the ideal conditions for the mating of dogs.
- How the mating process occurs.
Mating rules
In the mating is not the last role played by the holes of the future eared mother. Not all ladies favorably accept the courtship of gentlemen. Brides are determined to protect dog honor with paws and teeth. Therefore, you should arm yourself not only with knowledge, but with patience.
Early puberty and the first estrus is not a signal that the time has come. In general, in nature the period of reproduction is timed to the safest, warmest and fullest period, which makes it possible to bear, bring to birth and feed the cub. These are the conditions necessary for the survival of the species. It's no secret that nature is not only wise, but cruel - weak individuals do not have the ability to survive, nor bear fruit, nor can they feed a baby. If only a person does not interfere with the process of natural selection.
Rules of dog mating argue that early mating adversely affects the health and condition of animals, leads to physiological changes in the body, can cause serious illnesses. Experts recommend that dogs be mated during the third heat. By this moment the dog's organism has recovered, grown stronger, ready for difficulties arising at conception, bearing and childbirth and can cope with the process of feeding and courtship. According to the practice of breeding dogs, the most suitable age is a period of 20 to 24 months. When planning a dog's mating, one should take into account its individual characteristics.
Diaries of experienced breeders
Experienced breeders keep a diary, which regularly makes data:
- Observations of the physical and mental health of the dog.
- The level of physical fitness.
- Physiological features of the dog.
- The flow of estrus in bitches, the timing of heat (start and end dates).
- Behavior and reaction of the bitch on the dog.
Such a diary will help the dog owner determine the timing of future estrus and plan the mating in advance. Contraindications to dog mating are a physiological condition of concern. At the time of the mating, the dog should not only be, but also look absolutely healthy. Neither thin and weak, nor overfed, obese, a bitch can not stand and give birth to a healthy offspring. Advance planning will provide an opportunity to prepare for the mating, to carry out the necessary preventive procedures:
Duration of estrus in dogs from 21 to 28 days. This information is necessary to the owner, since the period of dog mating depends on the duration of the heat. So, if the bitch flows 21 days, the mating is better to plan for 10-14 days, and if longer, the mating will be on the 14-18 days of estrus. The willingness of a bitch to mating is not only the external signs and the nature of the excretions, but also changes in behavior: a dog ready for mating refuses to eat, whines, fusses, disobeys.
Many sources give a description of how the mating occurs in dogs. The bitch is taken to the dog - this is an iron rule that should be observed. The secret is simple - master-master. In other words, the male on his territory feels himself a full-fledged master and is active, caring for his chosen one. The dog should be preceded by the feeding and the paddock. Before the mating, dogs are recommended to get comfortable, get acquainted and play with each other, but do not delay with acquaintance - interest in further actions may disappear.
In order to facilitate the mating, the bitch is held for the collar, and the dog owner puts one hand under the dog's stomach, directing its loop to the male's genitals. Help is aimed at saving the strength of the dog, facilitating the process of mating and avoiding possible injuries.
Biting dogs
If ejaculation does not occur within 10 minutes, the dog is recommended to rest. The process of ejaculation is easy to distinguish by the behavior of the male, which is pressed against the bitch, raising alternately the right, then the left hind legs. During the mating occurs the so-called "lock" or the process of coupling the genitals of a bitch and a male that entered it, due to the increase in the penis and by reducing the circular muscles of the vagina of the bitch. The absence of a lock does not at all mean that the bitch after the mating has remained unfertilized.
You decided to spend the mating of your dog. Before you do this, think - do you have a place in your apartment for the newly emerging "population"? Do you have the opportunity to quickly attach puppies, and if you do not immediately find new owners, can you provide them with the full content? And if your dog is more than 4-5 years old, will the birth take place without complications, or will you need the help of a veterinarian, which will require certain material and time costs? After all the need to mate for a bitch is a delusion.
And if in nature evolution ordered so that only the strongest males leave behind their progeny, breeders select breeding breeders according to their pedigrees, offspring and genetic qualities, since the main criterion for them is breeding. However, we must remember that pedigree is necessary, but far not the only condition so that the dog can be used for knitting.
Note also a number of the conventions necessary for pairing: before mating it is necessary to conduct a study in veterinary laboratories to eliminate infectious diseases in order to reduce the risk of contracting infectious diseases transmitted through sexual contact (such as the herpes virus, for example). Conduct an examination of the genito-urinary organs, because any disease of the genito-urinary organs can lead to infertility in the future. Sexual organs of partners should be clean. Breeders should regularly follow the rules of preventive hygiene (regularly clean dog litter, wash the floors) so that when binding there is no need for the use of antiseptics, which, having a toxic effect on sperm, can be the cause of unproductive insemination. Gathered knit bitch, do not forget to do deworming - giving vaginal preparations after mating, especially when the pregnancy is long, or provokes miscarriage, or causes the development of congenital malformations in puppies. Before knitting it is necessary to liquidate the bitch has everything possible sources of infection - inflammation of the ears, gums, etc. Especially important is the control of the condition of the near-oval glands and bags. Their blockage and inflammation can be a source of infection, contributing to postpartum inflammation and mastitis. Should avoid using any medicines.
If in the treatment of a disease it was necessary to resort to hormonal preparations, before you spend tying, consult a doctor - there may be a violation of the fertilization process, the development of embryonic deformities.
In long-haired breeds, the wool around the vulva is smoothed, bred, and sometimes tonsured for the purpose of facilitating mating.
Binding. After selecting the manufacturer and determining the time of onset of ovulation, the bitch is delivered to the male producer for binding. The mating season should be done in the morning, taking a good walk with the bitch and the dog. Usually a bitch leads to a male - then he feels more confident. The mating should be carried out without extraneous stimuli and people. The bitch is fed on the day of mating, but not too abundantly. It is better not to feed the dog at all. In the warm season they knit early in the morning or late in the evening, when the heat drops.
Pairing is preceded by a short period of "courtship" and sniffing, which increase the excitement of partners. Erection, provided by the hardness of the bone of the penis and the flow of blood to the bulb of the penis, makes it possible to insert it into the vagina of the bitch. The introduction of the penis causes a reduction in the vagina, which helps to keep the penis in it during ejaculation, maintaining an erection and promoting sperm.
The phase of the "castle" should last at least five minutes, but sometimes it can last up to half an hour or more if the movements of the bitch help compress the bulb of the penis with the walls of the vagina. In most cases, if the timing for the mating is chosen correctly, the dogs themselves are fine with everything, and do not interfere with them. You have to watch them from afar (preferably with the help of a video surveillance system) to make sure that the dogs have accepted each other and the binding has come true. Mating without a "lock" can also result in fertilization, but fertility is reduced.
48 hours later after the first is recommended another, control, knitting. This is done because hunting time does not always coincide with the moment of ovulation and the period of maturation of eggs, the discrepancy can be quite significant, but there is no need to spend more than two matings.
Considering that superfecondition (fertilization of ovules of one ovulation period with spermatozoa of different males) in dogs is lower than in cats, it is recommended to isolate the bitch from other males until the signs of estrus cease completely. Superfetation (fertilization of the ovum already a pregnant female) in dogs is not observed. If for some reason the natural binding of the chosen partners is impossible, the breeder resorts to artificial insemination.
When dogs are mated, the following difficulties:
- mismatch in the size of partners;
- sometimes there is a high aggression of the male in relation to the owner of the bitch, in this case the attention of the male is distracted;
- incorrect timing of hunting and mating;
- anomalies of the structure of the genital organs of a bitch;
- unsuitable condition of the bitch (too thin or too fat);
- gynecological diseases;
- poor condition of the male sperm (poor sperm motility or low concentration of spermatozoa).
The estrus of the mated bitch may stop immediately after mating, and may continue. Both are normal. And in either case you have to protect your bitch from re-knitting with an undesirable male.
Extension Bitch externally can only be determined at the end of the gestation period. In this case, there is an increase in the abdomen volume to the sides and down; Breeding bitches usually become calmer; a few days before delivery appears colostrum. The presence of fruits can be determined by probing through the abdominal walls. It is used to determine pregnancy and x-ray method (from the 5th-6th week of schism).
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