The modern pace of life does not allow long-term sickness, for a successful, busy person finding on a sick leave is an unacceptable luxury. That is why a pill that guarantees recovery after a single admission has gained such success. Speech in the text will go about the preparation of monoral from cystitis. Cystitis, perhaps, is the sign of most people.
In women in connection with the anatomical features of the structure of the urethra, inflammation of the bladder occurs much more often than in the strong half of mankind. The prevalence of cystitis can be explained by a variety of factors. First, the formation of resistance to antibiotics because of their uncontrolled use, secondly, a decrease in the resistance of the organism to bacteria, and thirdly, an increase in the influence of unfavorable environmental factors.
What is the drug?
Tablets or powder from cystitis monural are based on the substance of phosphomycin, which is an antibacterial broad-acting drug from the group. Monural is the patented trade name of phosphomycin. Issued by its Swiss company Zambon Switzerland. The drug is used to treat infectious and inflammatory processes of the urinary tract.
The monorail acts bacteriostatically, i.e. suppresses the further multiplication of microorganisms due to the blocking of a special enzyme, which is needed to build the bacterial wall. Also, the monural is able to attach to the walls of the urinary tract, protecting it from the effects of the causative agent of cystitis or urethritis. An important property of the monural is its ability to influence the immune system, increasing its resistance.
With the simultaneous use of the monoral with the antibiotics of the aminoglycoside series, it has a protective effect on the organs of vision, as well as the kidneys. When using this drug, it enters the gastrointestinal tract, absorbed and transferred to the blood in the organs of the urinary system, the maximum content of it in the urinary tract falls on the third hour, excretion is carried out mainly by the kidneys, the monural is delayed in the body for about eighty hours. This time is enough to suppress bacteria and recover.
Monural with a single admission in 75% of cases of cystitis eliminates the disease
Powder from cystitis monoral is better than tablet form, because It acts faster and does not affect the stomach.
Instructions for the preparation Monural
How to take a monural with cystitis? It is important to know that the doses for children and adults have a significant difference. For women suffering from cystitis, the dose is 3 grams, the same amount should be taken by a man who is sick with urethritis. For children, the dosage is two grams, it is allowed to use the monoral in children from the age of five. The amount of the drug used can be increased in case of severe illness or old age.
If the patient has renal insufficiency, the amount of the substance used should be reduced, and it is also necessary to increase the time between doses of the monoral to reduce the burden on the kidneys. In people with diabetes, this drug should also be used with caution, because in its composition is included in addition to phosphomycin about 2.1 grams of sucrose.
The tablet form of the drug acts more slowly than the powdered form
Concerning, when to drink monural, the instruction on application of a monural says that reception should fall at evening time. It is better to empty the bladder. The powder should be diluted in one third of a glass of water, stir well and use 2-3 hours before meals. Usually, one dose of monural is enough to feel the improvement. If one packet has not helped, then in another day you can drink one more, except children.
In surgical operations on the urinary tract, diagnostic manipulations for preventive purposes, the monoral is prescribed three grams 2-3 hours before the expected surgical treatment. And also three grams a day after the first dose.
Interaction with other drugs
The effectiveness of monural is reduced by simultaneous administration with metoclopromide (antiemetic drug), the content in urine and blood of phosphomycin decreases in this case. Do not drink them together.
What diseases can be treated?
The main indications for the use of this medicine are the following diseases:
- with acute and chronic cystitis;
- acute and chronic urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), which is caused by staphylococcal, intestinal microflora;
- for the prevention of infectious diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract during surgical and diagnostic interventions on them;
- at pregnant women at the infections proceeding in the latent form.
Contraindications
The drug is a relatively safe drug, however, and it has a list of restrictions to use:
- children under the age of five;
- people suffering from kidney failure (creatinine clearance less than 10ml min);
- individual intolerance of the components of the drug.
In children under five, the use of monoral is prohibited because of the incomplete development of the calyx-pelvis system
What side effects can the agent cause?
After applying this medicine, the following undesirable consequences may occur:
- allergic reactions in the form of rashes on the skin and mucous membranes;
- disorders of normal functioning gastrointestinal tract, namely: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting;
- headache;
- heartburn.
Monural and pregnancy
Despite all the indisputable merits of the monoral, it is necessary to apply it with pregnancy very carefully, only in critical situations. The fact is that it is able to penetrate the placental barrier. But studies that would show exactly how phosphomycin acts on the fetus, no. Doctors prescribe this drug for life indications, when all other means have not helped. In the first trimester, it is better not to use it at all, because during this period there is an active laying of all the organs and systems of the child. If a woman is breastfeeding, then the monoral can not be taken, it perfectly penetrates into breast milk.
For pregnant women, the monoral drug of choice for asymptomatic bacteriuria
Analogues
Analogues of the monural are those drugs that contain the main active ingredient - phosphomycin. At the moment in the pharmacological market there are the following drugs that have the same basic substance:
- urofosfabol;
- fosmicin;
- phosphomycin sodium;
- phosphomycin trometamol;
- monorilus.
But for a similar action, you can identify such drugs as:
- furadonin;
- nolicin;
- amoxicillin;
- urolesan;
- phytolysin.
How often can I take a monoural?
The monoral should be taken only once. Typically, a single dose is sufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Reception of a repeated dose is possible at a serious course of the process, in the presence of diabetes, with insufficient effectiveness from a single dose, as well as with the elderly patient. However, it is forbidden to drink more than twice.
Every person dreams of taking one or two tablets and going on the mend. Strangely enough, but it happens. This is possible antibiotic Monural (Fosfomycin), which is prescribed for cystitis and does not require a long course of treatment.
The quick-acting drug for cystitis is Monural
What can Monural
The agent differs from its "colleagues" in multiplicity and quickly helps with the disease of the bladder. In acute cystitis against a background of infection it is enough to take one dose (3 grams) and the symptoms of the disease go away. In less than 2-3 hours the concentration of the powder from the cystitis reaches a maximum in the urinary tract and the person feels a significant improvement.
A single dose is not the only advantage of the drug. The antibiotic is also safe, since the active substance does not synchronize with the blood proteins and the bulk of the drug come out with urine, without adversely affecting the nearby organs. Thanks to this, the drug can be drunk to children from the age of five.
It helps pregnant women and is prescribed in the absence of efficacy of other medicines. An antibiotic can get into breast milk and have a negative effect on the fetus. However, there is no definitive ban on the use of Monural by pregnant women, but nursing mothers should refuse treatment with this drug for the time of breastfeeding, because the drug acts through the milk through the negative.
Powder Monural has the ability to support the immune system, in contrast to similar drugs.
Pregnant women are allowed to prescribe the drug, but they do not prescribe the baby
The protective effect of the agent positively affects the kidneys and auditory organs when aminoglycosides are combined with a nephrotoxic manifestation. To phosphomycin, there is practically no resistance in bacteria, only 1%. The drug comes out of the body for 80 hours. This is enough to destroy the pathogenic microflora in the urinary passages.
The drug is often used as a prophylaxis before and after procedures in the field of the urethra (catheterization), helping the body recover.
Indications
The maximum positive effect will be observed only when the treatment with Monural during cystitis is started at the very beginning stage of the disease. If a person has cystitis first appeared, do not delay treatment in the long box. Otherwise, the disease quickly goes into a chronic form, in which the antibiotic is practically not helping.
With frequent exacerbations of cystitis, treatment with Fosfomycin can begin on the first day of a relapse. In chronic inflammation, the drug should be used for the first symptoms.
The monoral can be used for preventive purposes before the operation
Indications are the following pathological processes:
- acute inflammatory process against the background of infection with mucous foreign bacteria;
- chronic cystitis in the stage of relapse;
- cystitis in a woman in position;
- the presence of microbes in the urine in the absence of symptoms of cystitis in pregnant women;
- preoperative prophylaxis;
- urethritis on the background of infection.
Method of reception
The antibiotic is produced in granules in closed bags. To taste the medicine has a fruity taste, so children drink it, so to speak, with pleasure. Children who can take Monural with cystitis, do not refuse to drink the drug.
One package contains a dose of active substance, which must be taken 1 time. A two-gram package is recommended for children, a three-gram dosage is usually taken by adults.
The norm is one pack of the drug per day
Before you start using Fosfomycin, you need to fill it with water (70 grams) and drink it in one go to an empty stomach. You can also drink powder from cystitis three hours after eating. Treatment should begin after emptying the bladder for maximum effect. Antibiotic in the form of a tablet is not for sale.
The treatment course is carried out once. It lasts 24 hours, during this time you need to take 3 grams of the drug. One sachet is enough to eliminate all signs of cystitis. The disease can only be "dulled" by one method.
Possible and repeated intake of powder against cystitis. This is necessary for residual symptoms of cystitis. The second application of the powder must be carried out one day after the first. To drink also 3 grammes, te One bag.
For the secondary use of Fosfomycin, the indications are as follows:
- a person is more than 60 years old;
- severe symptoms;
- absence of positive results after a single dose;
- regular recurrence of cystitis.
Repeated use of the drug is contraindicated
For prevention before surgery, the medicine should be drunk a few hours before the surgery. Then after the procedure in three days.
Repeated use is prohibited for pregnant women and children.
Monural during pregnancy
In pregnant women, cystitis occurs frequently. This is due to the relaxation of smooth tissues against the background of the action of progesterone. As a result, incomplete urination, stagnation of urine and reproduction of bacteria.
Cystitis should be treated while the child is pregnant. After all, he can carry danger, both for the fetus, and for the mother. In the period of cystitis, the powder does not transmit toxins to the crumb, therefore it is considered safe during the period of the baby's bearing. One-time treatment is carried out under the supervision of a specialist.
The first trimester in pregnant women is a contraindication to taking the drug
The drug is strictly forbidden to take in the first trimester, because during this period, the formation of important organs in the baby. The drug for cystitis during pregnancy should be drunk as a last resort.
Women, who often had recurrences of cystitis prior to conception, may not feel the effect of the drug. In this case, the drug should be taken together with antibacterial drugs, which are available in the form of a pill, and help successfully eliminate the disease.
disadvantages
Despite all the advantages of Monural, he has some disadvantages. For example, the drug can not be taken during acute cystitis. Also a disadvantage is the price, not everyone can afford to buy tablets at this cost.
In addition to the cost and the inability to use the drug in the acute stage of inflammation, it has additional disadvantages. This powder should be taken with caution in cystitis.
A small part of the microbes can resist it. It's about serration and klebsiella. Some doctors prescribe to drink medicine, focusing on a quick effect, but forget about a certain direction on the bacteria. For example, a person took the drug, but there is no effect. Here the doctor's fault, because the patient's urine was not evaluated for the purpose of appropriate treatment.
Sometimes the drug may cause pain in the stomach
Even in spite of the meager toxicity of the powder, one can observe vomiting, stomach pain and diarrhea. In rare cases, there is an allergy and changes in blood levels.
Can not be used for kidney pathology.
Independently you can be treated by any medicine that helps. But before this, it is worthwhile to think about the consequences, so as not to harm yourself. It is recommended for any non-characteristic for a healthy body symptoms to visit a specialist immediately. This will save not only your health, but also prevent possible complications in the future.
In addition, the doctor will tell about the Monural in the video:
Cystitis is a disease of the bladder, characterized by an inflammatory process in its walls with a predominant lesion of the mucous membranes. The disease is most often diagnosed in women and children. Provocative factors may include hypothermia, migraines of the urethra, impaired immunity due to malnutrition, or exposure to negative factors (bad habits, poor ecology, etc.).
In most cases, infectious cystitis is diagnosed in patients with a fungal or antibacterial nature. Treatment in this case necessarily involves the reception of broad-spectrum antibiotics, one of which is a drug based on phosphomycin - "Monural". "Monural" has long been used as part of complex therapy of infections of the genitourinary system in adults and children, since it refers to drugs with pronounced medicinal properties and proven effectiveness. The feedback of patients and doctors makes it possible to conclude that the product is highly effective and safe.
To understand how the medicine works, it is necessary to read the instructions for use.
"Monural" is a preparation for internal use, which is produced in the form of white soluble granules with a sharp specific smell. The active substance of the granules is phosphomycin (in the form of trometamol) - a substance with high antibacterial activity, obtained by chemical reactions with phosphonic acid. After entering the body, phosphomycin blocks the activity of enzymes that ensure the interconversion of various substances.
"Monural" is effective not only for cystitis
"Monural" is effective in the treatment of cystitis and other inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract caused by the following types of pathogenic microorganisms:
- klebsiella;
- staphylococcus aureus;
- haemophilus influenzae;
- enterococcus;
- e. coli of the genus Morganella.
The mechanism of action of phosphomycin is based on the violation of protein synthesis, of which the bacterial cell membrane consists. If the integrity of the cell membrane is damaged, the microorganisms die, as they lose their ability to live and reproduce.
Note! The use of "Monural" in the defeat of some types of pathogenic microorganisms may be ineffective due to the lack of sensitivity of bacteria to phosphomycin. Before the start of antibacterial therapy, it is recommended to perform a bacterial culture to determine the causative agent of the infection and its resistance to the active substance of the drug.
When is the "Monural" appointed?
Indication for the use of "Monural" is infectious cystitis of bacterial origin. Experts believe that the appointment of a medication is advisable only during the period of exacerbation of the pathology, therefore, it is usually not used for the therapy of chronic inflammatory defeats of the bladder.
"Monural" is prescribed if the diagnosis of "infectious cystitis of bacterial origin" was confirmed
In addition to cystitis, indications for inclusion of "Monural" in the therapy are:
- infectious diseases of the urinary tract;
- acute urethritis;
- urethral syndrome (pain syndrome, accompanying the pathology of the inflammatory nature of the urogenital tract);
- complications of infectious genesis after surgical interventions on the organs of the genitourinary system.
The drug can be prescribed to prevent infection of the bladder after surgery and diagnostic tests that require an instrumental examination of the organs of the urinary tract.
In most cases, with uncomplicated flow, a single use of the drug in the recommended dosage is sufficient. If the disease recurs, repeated admission is possible according to the scheme indicated in the instructions. The medicine should be drunk on an empty stomach, preferably in the evening (before bedtime). The optimal time for taking the solution is 1-2 hours after dinner.
To prepare the solution, you need to pour the contents of the sachet into a glass and pour 60 ml of cold water (about a third of the glass), stir thoroughly.
Storage of the prepared solution is not allowed. The scheme of treatment "Monural" for adult patients is presented in the table below.
Scheme of application of "Monural" for adults
| Indication / diagnosis | Single dosage | Number of applications per day | Duration of therapy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 g (one sachet) | 1 time | 1 day | |
| 3 grams | 1 time | 2 days (interval - 24 hours) |
| 3 grams | 3 hours prior to surgery and one day after surgery. | 1.5 days |
Important! In some cases, individual dose adjustments may be required (for example, in patients with kidney failure or patients older than 50 years) or an increase in the interval between doses.
"Monural" with cystitis in children: parents' comments
The appointment of "Monural" in pediatric practice is possible from the age of five. Cystitis in children usually occurs in an acute form with severe symptoms of intoxication, so the use of drugs with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity is necessary to prevent possible complications and prevent the spread of infection to the urethra.
If a child over 5 years old is diagnosed with cystitis, Monural will help
For children, "Monural" is available in a dosage of 2 g (per bag). The drug contains sucrose, saccharin, as well as flavors with the taste of orange and mandarin. The ready-made drink has a pleasant fruit taste, so difficulties with treating children usually do not arise.
"Monural" - powder in a sachet
To take "Monural" to children over 5 years old should be 1 time a day before bedtime. Duration of therapy - 1 day (if the doctor has not appointed another scheme of admission).
Parents' comments
Parents of most children are satisfied with the effect of the drug and its effectiveness. Many note the ease of use and short duration of treatment, as well as the excellent tolerability of the drug. Side effects in the form of skin rashes and mild itching were recorded in only 7% of children who received therapy with "Monural".
To whom is the drug contraindicated?
The active substance of the drug, which after falling into the systemic bloodstream, dissolves into phosphomycin and trometamol, is excreted from the body with urine and partly with calves, so treatment with Monural is contraindicated in any kidney disease accompanied by severe impairment in the functioning of the renal system.
Treatment "Monural" is contraindicated in any kidney disease
Patients who have a creatinine clearance less than 10 ml / min, the use of any remedy based on phosphomycin and its derivatives is prohibited.
Important! It is also necessary to consider the possibility of intolerance or allergy to the components of the drug. In some cases, an allergic reaction can occur on the self-acting substance or ancillary components, for example, flavors. If a patient has allergy symptoms during treatment, it is necessary to take an antihistamine and seek medical attention.
How quickly does the effect come about?
The maximum concentration of active substance in the blood plasma is reached in 2-2.5 hours after taking the drug. Fosfomycin retains its activity for 48 hours. Two days is usually enough to completely eliminate symptoms and alleviate the condition of the patient.
Treatment of cystitis "Monural": reviews of patients
Most of the patients who used the medicine to treat acute or recurrent cystitis are satisfied with the result. After taking the drug, they note the following therapeutic effect:
- a decrease in the intensity of pain or their disappearance;
- reduction of itching and cuts during emptying of the bladder;
- normalization of body temperature (within 48 hours);
- restoration of normal consistency and color of urine.
Response of the patient who took the "Monural"
Despite the high effectiveness and quick healing effect, some patients are unhappy with the drug due to serious side effects. In some cases, allergic skin reactions (rashes, itching) or serious digestive disorders have appeared in patients: diarrhea, constipation, heartburn, abdominal pain and epigastric pain, vomiting. With insufficiently abundant drinking regimen, many patients report severe headaches when taking "Monural".
"Monural" as a quick help for cystitis. Feedback
Important! The side effects in all cases completely passed after the cessation of treatment. Additional symptomatic therapy is usually not required.
Video - How to drink "Monural" with cystitis
Treatment of cystitis in the elderly: reviews about the drug
Patients older than 50-55 years old often have problems with the kidneys and organs of the urinary system, especially this. Cystitis is considered the most common disease of the genitourinary tract in women of advanced age. The appointment of "Monural" of this category of patients helps to eliminate the cause of the inflammatory process and prevent the development of complications and secondary infection. Dosage of the drug to patients with various forms of renal failure should be prescribed only by the attending physician after studying the results of a laboratory urine test.
The drug is well tolerated in the elderly, but most of the course of therapy is prolonged to two days in a row. This is due to the slow absorption of phosphomycin. After the "Monural" may need to continue antibiotic treatment with penicillin drugs or antibiotics from the group of macrolides.
Inflammation of the bladder can occur for various reasons, in some people the disease becomes chronic and characterized by periodic exacerbations. Monural - a cure for cystitis, is a modern drug, belonging to a group of uroantiseptics. These funds are intended for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases of the bladder and urinary tract.
The main active ingredient of antibiotic Monural is phosphomycin. The substance is active against Gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus) and gram-negative microorganisms (Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli). The antibiotic acts directly on the bacteria that live in the bladder, so doctors give it priority in diseases of the urinary tract.
Another positive effect of the drug - it inhibits the ability of microbes to attach to the walls of the bladder.
Monural with cystitis has a harmful effect on bacteria, in contrast to bacteriostatic drugs, which only stop the growth of microorganisms.
Indications for use
- acute cystitis of bacterial origin;
- chronic cystitis in the phase of exacerbation;
- cystitis in pregnant women;
- asymptomatic bacteriuria (presence of bacteria in the urine in the absence of complaints) in pregnant women;
- before surgical interventions and medical manipulations on the organs of the urinary system with a preventive purpose;
- bacterial urethritis.
The earlier the therapy is started, the better the result can be expected from the treatment. Therefore, do not delay the drug to those people who have cystitis first detected. Otherwise, this can result in the transition of the disease into a chronic form.
If the patient has cases of exacerbation of cystitis occur several times a year, Monomial should begin treatment with the first day of the disease. Monural for chronic cystitis is prescribed at the first signs of exacerbation.
How to use?
An antibiotic is released into the granules, which are packed in laminated multi-layer packages. Pellets have a pleasant tangerine or orange flavor, so there is no problem with taking the medicine in childhood. Babies who do not like to drink bitter pills usually do not refuse to eat a tasty drink.
One package may contain 2 g or 3 g of active substance. A dose of 2 grams is intended for children over 5 years of age, 3 grams of antibiotic is the usual dose for adults.
Before using Monural it should be dissolved in 1/3 cup of water and drink the drug in one dose on an empty stomach or 3 hours after eating. It is advisable to carry out treatment after urination. In tablets, the antibiotic is not released.
Treatment is carried out once, that is, one sachet will be enough to remove. The disease can be stopped after the first antibiotic intake! Repeated oral administration is possible in cases where a single dose of Monural is not sufficient for the final recovery. Then appoint 3 grams of the drug the next day, i.e., one day after the first use.
Indications for repeated use of the drug:
- elderly patient (over 60 years old);
- severe course of the disease;
- no results after the first administration;
- frequent recurrences of infection.
The second time you can not take medicine for pregnant women and children.
Prophylactic reception is performed before urological intervention 3 hours prior to surgery at a dose of 3 grams and again after three days.
Contraindications
Since the excretion of the drug occurs through the kidneys, it is not recommended to use Monural for renal failure (acute and chronic) in the decompensation stage.
Since children under 5 years of age are not fully developed renal-tubal system, they should not prescribe this antibiotic.
Those patients who have kidney disease in the decompensation stage, the question of the possibility of using Monural is decided individually. Most often reduce the dose or increase the time between doses of the remedy.
Why does Monural not help?
In rare cases, the effect of treatment does not arise. This is possible if cystitis therapy is started late, for example, several days after the development of the first symptoms. Practice shows that the antibiotic does not always help:
- men with acute cystitis;
- teenage girls (under 15 years of age) at the first appearance of the disease;
- to old people;
- patients with diabetes;
- pregnant women.
Side effects
Treatment with Monural can lead to the development of diarrhea, heartburn or vomiting. When you consume large amounts of fluid, these symptoms tend to pass. Like other drugs, Monural can cause an allergic reaction in the form of a skin rash in persons susceptible to phosphomycin.
Taking the drug during pregnancy
Cystitis in pregnant women is a fairly common phenomenon. The fact is that progesterone causes relaxation of the smooth muscles not only of the uterus, but also of the bladder. This leads to its incomplete emptying, causes stagnant phenomena and, consequently, promotes the multiplication of bacteria.
Treat the disease during pregnancy you must! Cystitis is dangerous not only for the future mother, but also for her baby. Monural does not have a toxic effect on crumbs, so it is considered a safe medicine for a future mother. Treatment is carried out once and only after consulting a doctor.
Reception of Monural, as well as all other medicines, is undesirable in the first 12 weeks after conception. During this period, all important organs are formed in the infant, so you can take any medication only in case of emergency.
Women who several times already had cystitis before pregnancy, the drug may not help. They recommend the combination of Monural with other antibacterial drugs to completely get rid of the infection.
During breastfeeding from taking Monural should be discarded.
Overdose
Obtaining symptoms of an overdose is extremely difficult, since the package contains only the amount of the drug that is intended for a single dose. If an overdose occurs, as a rule, patients experience diarrhea. To get rid of the symptoms of diarrhea helps to drink abundantly in order to increase diuresis.
Other instructions
During and at men should not drink alcohol, since there is no evidence of its effect on the metabolism of the drug.
They release the medicine according to the doctor's prescription. Shelf life of the antibiotic is 3 years.
How much does "Monural" help? Few women know the answer to the question. In this regard, in this article, we decided to tell you about what the medicament is used for, how and how much it works, whether it has contraindications and so on.
Packaging, composition, form
About how much "Monural" helps, you can find out from the instruction that is attached to the drug. It is placed in a cardboard box containing laminated multi-layered bags of medicinal substance.
The drug under consideration goes on sale in the form of white granules with a mandarin flavor. They are designed to prepare a solution for oral administration.
The answer to the question about how much "Monural" helps is closely related to its composition. The active substance of this drug is phosphomycin trometamol. Also, it contains additional components in the form of saccharin, tangerine and orange flavor, as well as sucrose.
Pharmacological characteristics
Many patients who were assigned this drug are not only interested in the question of how much the Monural is operating, but also about whether it is an antibacterial agent.
According to the enclosed instructions, the medication in question is a modern broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is used in the therapy of a variety of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system.
Before answering the question about how much "Monural" helps, it should be said that it is a derivative of phosphonic acid. This drug is able to have a bactericidal effect, which is due to the suppression of the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.
Being an analogue of phosphoenolpyruvate, the active substance interacts with the enzyme N-acetyl-glucosamine-3-o-enolpyruvyl transferase. As a result, its irreversible, selective and specific inhibition occurs, which ensures the absence of cross-resistance with other antibiotics, as well as the possibility of synergism with them. 
"Monural" is active against many gram-positive bacteria and most gram-negative microorganisms. Its active substance reduces the adhesion of bacteria to the epithelial layer of the urinary tract.
Pharmacokinetics
How much does "Monural" work? The active substance of the preparation is absorbed from the digestive tract almost immediately after administration. At the same time, it quickly accumulates in the urine.
With a single application of the drug solution, its bioavailability is 35-65%. The active substance of the drug does not bind to plasma proteins, but in the human body dissociates into trometamol and phosphomycin and is no longer metabolized.
When taking a single dose of "Monural" in the amount of 3 g, its concentration in the urine reaches a high level (99%) of bactericidal activity against many pathogens of urinary tract infections.
So how many hours does the "Monural" help? According to the enclosed instructions, its maximum concentration is achieved in approximately 120-160 minutes. After this period of time the drug begins its active action.
The drug is withdrawn unchanged (about 95%) by means of the kidneys. At the same time, its highest concentrations are noted in the urine. Also, 5% of the active substance is excreted together with bile.
The half-life of the antibiotic is four hours. 
Pharmacokinetic parameters in special cases
How long will "Monural" help patients with a moderate decrease in renal function? In this category of people, the effect of the drug is also noted after two hours. It is during this period of time that the drug reaches high concentrations in the blood. However, in these patients, the half-life of phosphomycin from the plasma is slightly increased.
How much does Monural help with cystitis? Two days is enough for the patient to develop a stable therapeutic effect.
Indications for use
As mentioned above, this medication is used to treat various diseases of the urinary system. In particular, this drug helps with:
- acute attacks of recurrent bacterial cystitis;
- acute bacterial cystitis;
- asymptomatic massive bacteriuria in pregnant women;
- postoperative urinary tract infections;
- bacterial
It should also be noted that the solution for oral administration is often used as a prophylactic against urinary tract infections during diagnostic transurethral examinations and in surgical intervention.
Contraindications for use
As evidenced by the products of the pharmaceutical industry that we are considering (the drug "Monural"), it is quite effective in cystitis. However, do not forget that any medicine has contraindications. According to the instructions, this drug is not recommended for appointments with:
- severe degree of kidney failure;
- hypersensitivity to additional and basic substances of the medicine;
- and also for the treatment of children under five years of age.
The drug "Monural": how to take it?
With cystitis, as well as other diseases of the urinary system, the contents of one sachet must be dissolved in 1/3 cup of plain water. The resulting solution should be taken 2 hours before meals or 120 minutes after. Use of medication in the process of eating is not recommended, since this will noticeably slow down its absorption in the body.
According to the instructions, it is advisable to take the drug at night. This should be done after the bladder is empty.
One packet of medication is sufficient for one course of treatment. It should be noted that it is forbidden to combine "Monural" with a drug such as "Metoclopramide". This is due to the fact that a combination of these drugs can significantly reduce the concentration of phosphomycin in the blood and urine. As a result of the effect of therapy, you will not achieve it.
People who suffer from diabetes, it is necessary to take into account that the composition of the drug "Monural" is sucrose. Also it should be noted that during its reception it is forbidden to drink any alcoholic beverages.
Dosage of the drug for adults
"Monural" with cystitis (contraindications and use of the drug were described above), as well as in other diseases, adults should be taken in a dosage equal to 3 g (once a day). The solution is used once.
If necessary, the attending physician may prescribe to his patient a second dose, but only after a day. 
Typically, such therapy is required for a recurrent bacterial infection, a serious course of the disease (for example, in the absence of a proper result after a single dose), as well as in old age.
For the prevention of various with urological intervention or diagnosis, this medication is also prescribed twice. The solution is taken three hours before the planned manipulation or any medical research. The interval after the first intake should be 24 hours.
People with renal insufficiency should be prescribed the preparation "Monural" with extreme caution. Such patients need to increase the time interval between doses of the drug or to reduce the dose.
Can I give it to children?
This medication can be given to children, but only to those who have reached the age of 5. To children it is recommended to take the drug only once in an amount of 2 g. To the child up to the specified age "Monural" is not appointed because of the unformed renal-pelvis system (that is, the kid has not yet developed a filtration system in the kidneys).
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
During pregnancy, representatives of the weaker sex are often concerned about cystitis. The solution "Monural" effectively treats this disease and thus does not cause pathologies in the fetus.
The biggest advantage of this drug is its single dose, while most antibiotics are required to take at least 5-7 days. It should also be noted that this drug has virtually no side effects and contraindications. As a rule, it is well tolerated by patients. However, only an experienced doctor can prescribe this remedy to pregnant women after a thorough examination. After all, many experts know that the active substance "Monural" easily overcomes the placental barrier. Therefore, in the first trimester of pregnancy, its reception is highly undesirable. 
As for lactation, during this period the drug in question is not allowed to be used at all. In acute need of its reception breast-feeding should be discontinued, as phosphomycin enters the milk.
"Monural" in cystitis: effectiveness and reviews of the drug
The drug "Monural" for the treatment of cystitis fits best. Experts have proved that this medication is effective against many bacteria that cause this disease.
In addition, that the agent has bactericidal properties, it still significantly reduces the ability of microorganisms to attach to the walls of the bladder.
Therapy should be started immediately. This is necessary in order to prevent the transition of the disease to a chronic form.
With regard to exacerbation chronic cystitis, then the antibiotic should be taken on the first day. The solution is used once in the dose indicated above.
There are many reviews of such a preparation as "Monural". Most patients leave very positive comments about it, although there are occasional negative responses.
So, according to reviews, the positive side of this drug is its high efficiency - the result is observed after a single intake of the solution. In doing so, it almost never causes any side effects.
The process of treatment by this means many patients call convenient, and its cost is quite acceptable. 
In negative reviews, it is reported that this medication is ineffective. But the patients do not say at what indications and when the "Monural" was taken, whether its dosage was observed, whether the doctor appointed him or the patient was engaged in self-medication.
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