Beginners love months to learn the standard English Cocker Spaniel, compare it with the description of the "continental relative", but they can not decide which of the kokers will fit better into the family. And it is not surprising, because these two breeds have so much in common! To simplify the choice, we will tell you what the breed of dogs American Cocker Spaniel differs from Cockers from the Foggy Albion.

Historical reference

Today there are more than a dozen different breeds of spaniels - springer, field, epaniol, Irish water, etc. All of them, including cocks, originated from ancient hunting spaniels, popular in England from the middle of the 13th century. Breed of dogs English Cocker Spaniel was bred for hunting small animals and birds in marsh and bushy terrain: small bright dogs easily penetrated into dense thickets of reeds or forest shrubs, raising a bird under a shot of a hunter. The prefix "Cocker" is formed from the name of the most common prey of these dogs - a woodcock.

With the beginning of the colonial history of the United States began the story of an American Cocker. Europeans, going to the lands of the New World, took setters, cocks and other dogs with them. During the following centuries, the continent formed its own type, different from its ancestors. But by the 18th century, the description of the American Cocker Spaniel breed was still little different from the description of "island" cocks.

Everything changed when cynology became a science, not a hobby of notable people. British for several centuries maintained the working qualities of their dogs, paying less attention to external parameters. In 1892, the first breed of the English Cocker Spaniel was written, in 1902 the first club of amateurs appeared. Breeders of the United States were not pleased with the fact that now they will be dictated by England. It was decided to single out "continental" cocks in a separate breed, focusing on appearance. By 1935, the final separation of the two types of dogs was recognized as successful, the standard American Cocker Spaniel was drafted, the main differences were indicated. Thus, "Americans" are direct descendants of English spaniels, but "stylized" to the taste of US breeders.

Currently, both breeds successfully perform the role of companions and family dogs. Although hunters still speak about the breed, the English cocker spaniel is very positive. But the "Americans" have almost lost their working qualities, but they retained a lively mind, an acute nose and a passion for prey. Some dogs even show good results. However, by and large, the characteristics of the breed American Cocker Spaniel more meet the exhibition, rather than the working requirements.

Appearance

On the tastes do not argue, and therefore determine which of the breeds is prettier, we will not. Someone more like the English cockerels - natural, harmonious, even by the addition of giving out their purpose. Someone admires the Americans - great for the show, decorative, presentable. And this is the first and the main difference between "continental" and "island" dogs: the breed description of the English cocker spaniel emphasizes the statues and parameters that allow the dog to be an excellent swimmer and runner. The description of Americans emphasizes their decorativeness.

English Cocker Spaniel

American Cocker Spaniel

Both breeds are dogs of small sizes and square format, high-chested, strong and muscular, not heavy, not flabby. The growth of the English is slightly higher, but only a maximum of five cm. The American Cocker Spaniel breed standard does not determine weight, but for English there are frames - from 12 to 15 kg. But it is indicated that proportions are more important than weight and height.

Another difference that can not be overlooked is the shape of the head and muzzle. "Island" cockers are more natural, the skull is somewhat elongated and flattened, the muzzle is straight and level, the transition is expressed, but smooth. The breed of dogs American Cocker Spaniel differs kurnosostyu and roundness: the skull is domed, the muzzle is short, blunt, "squared," the transition is abrupt. The eyes are also different: the English are oval, medium-sized, expressive and attentive, Americans have round, benevolent, browful arches, good-natured and open-minded. But the ears are the same - hanging, well fitting to the head, long and thin, widening to the bottom, very low set.

The wool of both breeds is silky, slightly wavy or straight, pleasant to the touch. There are many varieties of colors: solid, spotted, bicolour, tan. But Americans flaunt themselves in long coats, very effective, if the dog is properly tended. The wool of the English laborer is shorter, the undercoat is less dense, the adorns the hair is developed on the chest, ears, abdomen, back of the limbs.

Character and training

The morals of these breeds are also different. Americans are calmer, they can limit themselves to walking near the house, peacefully sleep on the couch for half a day. However, if there is such an opportunity, the dog will happily explore the nearest forest. In casual people, there is almost always a positive opinion about the breed of American cocker spaniel - these dogs rarely show aggression, preferring not to notice the stranger or quietly get acquainted.

Both breeds have a lively character and a sharp mind. They easily master the rules set by the owner, they quickly realize what they want from them. However, the cockers sometimes stubborn, especially when they feel the slack. Therefore, the owner must be consistent and persevering. But without aggression, which will lead to loss of spiritual intimacy and absolute disobedience.

The British are more active, more demanding attention, and in general (let us be forgiven by fans of American Cockers) more contacts and sociable within the family. This is a "companion", and a companion for games, and a wonderful companion while traveling to nature. But the characteristics of the breed English spaniel somewhat loses in terms of attitudes to others: good, kissing and absolutely harmless with their own, the English are intolerant of outsiders.

Both types are suitable only for indoor use. These are indoor dogs, despite a long "hunting" story. Cockers love nature, and therefore absolutely happy in the countryside, where there is room for running. But in the apartment feel good, if you give enough time to walk.

Dog breed English Cocker Spaniel is not suitable for living in the company of parrots and other domestic birds. Even with proper upbringing, a misfortune can happen - hunting instincts do not slumber. But to cats, both breeds are well-disposed, if from childhood to accustom a puppy to a neighbor of another tribe.

Care for the hair is different. The English are less demanding, the wool stays clean and tidy longer. Long-haired Americans need increased attention: regular bathing, combing a couple of times a week, trimming. Eyes and ears should be kept clean and dry, otherwise problems may arise - increased tearing, otitis, dermatitis, fungal diseases.

Health

Description of the breed American Cocker Spaniel gives a show-set, artificially created stati, head and muzzle shape, which can cause problems with breathing and eyes. The English are stronger, more enduring and live longer. But in general, both breeds have good health.

The dog of the breed spaniel heard everything. But someone at the same time remembers the Russian ushastika, which drags ducks from the swamp. Others immediately represent an intelligent cocker spaniel, a true English lord. However, the list does not end here. Today we will look at varieties of spaniels, than they differ from each other. Good-natured and playful, these creatures conquer hearts at first sight. They live very well in a city apartment. Of course, on condition of regular walks. So, let's start getting acquainted with the varieties of spaniels.

History of the breed

Today they can rightly be considered the most loyal, intelligent, courageous and beautiful animals on earth. Graceful, graceful and small, they are perfectly adapted for living next to a person. Their history begins with antiquity, when all breeds were divided into 4 groups:

• hounds for hunting large game;
• bloodhounds, raising the game on the wing;
• watchdogs;
• dwarfish.

The second group, which includes waterfowl, includes the ancestors of spaniels, but there is very little information about them. Only from the end of the XIX century there were data on the format of dogs, the features of which have survived until today.

English Cocker Spaniel

We will begin with these charming solar creatures, children's favorites. Their ancestors are Spanish dogs, who were brought to England in the XIV century and used to hunt birds. However, the breeders were not satisfied with the external data of these animals, and they set to work to reduce the growth. The dog was supposed to be small, active and hardy.

It is difficult not to pay attention to them, considering hunting varieties. Cocker Spaniel is considered a model of domestic dogs, despite its past. This is a strong, active and lively creature that has a keen sense. A great apportioner, a Cocker is a cheerful character. Independent and independent, they are, nevertheless, very affectionate towards their masters. They get on well in small apartments. Luxurious wavy hair is a real decoration of the dog. It requires regular combing, but it is hypoallergenic, this is the difference between all varieties. Cocker Spaniel, the photo of which we give for your reference, is most often red or coffee, less often black. Very elegant creations, with an extended muzzle, compact format.

American Cocker Spaniel

A very interesting dog that will become a wonderful companion for your family. This is a direct descendant of the English Cocker, but with slight differences. "American" differs in a compact format and an original head, with a round dome-shaped skull. Muzzle wide and square. The body is sturdy, the neck is set high, long and muscular.

If you have just started to study varieties of spaniels, then first let's define the most striking difference of each of them. "Americans" are distinguished by wool of medium length, most often straight. To the touch it is silky. Color dark, black, red or coffee. The second most popular variety of all presented at annual exhibitions.

English Springer Spaniel

Hunting breeds to date very much. Even at exhibitions there are individual judges who specialize solely in describing hunters. This is not surprising, only varieties spaniels can be considered for hours. English Springer Spaniel is one of the oldest hunting breeds. It is assumed that the ancestors were water dogs, but breeders produced a huge number of crossings, until they came to modern standards.

This is a bold, energetic dog, quite large and requires regular physical activity. A great companion for a hunter, but can live in an apartment. The only thing you need is long walks. Height at the withers is about 50 cm, weight - 22 kg. The case is square, the neck is muscular, without folds. Well developed musculature. The head is of medium length, the skull is wide, the muzzle is rather deep. This is a short-haired spaniel. Species of the breed have similar features, but still each of them is unique. The coat is dense, straight, fitting, slightly elongated on the belly and paws. Color coffee with white or black with white.

Welsh Springer Spaniel

If you are not a specialist in the field of cynology or a professional breeder of hunting breeds, then it's difficult to determine by eye where English, and where the Welsh, will be difficult. For a long time they were conducted as one breed, and were divided only in the XX century. This species is a "light" version of the Englishman. The height is about 46 cm, and the weight is about 17 kg. We will not describe the nature and habits separately, because there are no fundamental differences. Color is dark red with white.

Vakhtelhund

A dog of German origin, which is practically not common outside of Germany. This is another kind of spaniel. The dog is quite large, up to 54 cm at the withers, weighing about 20 kg. A fine hunter who works in any locality, even in the swampy and wooded. Very well pursues game on the bloody trail. However, he lives in the apartment, provided that the owner often goes out into the countryside and walks in it for a walk.

Color brown or brown, wool long, dense and wavy. The body is long and strong, the neck is strong, without folds, the loin is short. Their head is dry, the skull is flat. The transition from the forehead to the muzzle is poorly expressed. A bit like the format setter.

Clumber Spaniel

Again, most of you will say that for the first time you hear a similar name. Species of dogs of the Spaniel breed are known mainly in narrow circles of breeders and passionate admirers of hunting. Clambers are almost exclusively inhabitants of England, outside its borders there are few. Being overland, they are perfect for hunting pheasants in the park conditions.

Growth in dogs - about 48 cm, and weight - 34 kg, the addition is quite dense. The back of the trunk is very powerful, and the stomach is tightened. Head massive, large, with pronounced occipital mound. The skull is wide, the muzzle is square. The coat is thick and dense, silky, straight. Color is usually light, white or light-red. Keep recommended in the countryside, she needs space and exercise to maintain a good shape. It should be regularly cleaned with a brush, otherwise the coat is not difficult to care for. Does not require additional bathing, in addition to what it receives in natural water bodies during hunting.

Koikerhondye

This is a Dutch spaniel. Varieties of the breed with the photo a little surprise, are there really so many of them? Yes, although in Russia most do not occur. This is a fairly old breed, the translation of which sounds like a "chicken". That is, it is traditionally a hunter for this bird. Small and compact, it reaches only 30 cm at the withers, and weight - 10-15 kg. Very hardy, they are not afraid of cold and wet weather. A wonderful companion who treats all members of the family with tenderness. They get along badly in an apartment, because they need a lot of physical exertion. But if you are willing to take hours walks every day, then it will normally suffer even the conditions of the malagrarians.

Sussex Spaniel

Considering varieties of spaniels with a photo, you can make sure that they all have similar features. Moreover, most of the breed lines are from England. This graceful dog was the result of crossing springer and clamberer and is intended for hunting partridges and pheasants. Like her ancestors, it is very demanding to physical exertion. Height at the withers reaches 40 cm, weight - about 22 kg.

The body is massive and somewhat stretched, and sturdy. Head large, skull wide, domed. Eyes large, almond-shaped. The coat is dense and straight with a dense undercoat. Coloration is golden brown or bronze.

Field Spaniel

Field-spaniels are the descendants of the Cockers, and a separate line was produced in order to obtain a dog of pure black color. This was not achieved, but already in 1892 these dogs were recognized as a separate breed. Height at the withers is about 45 cm, and weight - from 18 to 25 kilograms.

The body is stretched, sturdy. The neck is long and muscular. The head is long, not very wide, like the muzzle. Ears hanging, planted low enough. The coat is long, shiny, silky, completely devoid of any curls. The dense undercoat perfectly protects from a bad weather. Color solid, black or pale yellow. Adapted for life in the countryside, a wonderful companion for the hunter. In urban conditions it is quite compatible with sufficient attention and walks. This is a distinctive feature of all spaniels, they like space and freedom of movement.

Irish Water Spaniel

To date, this is the last breed that we will consider. This is the oldest species of hunting breeds, and also the rarest on the whole earth. Today interest awakes to her again, but it's too early to talk about revival. In appearance it is a mixture of both a spaniel or a labrador. But the latter today ousted the Irish, taking their place on the hunt and at home. The dog is distinguished by growth, it reaches 61 cm at the withers, and also a fair weight, up to 30 kg. This breed does not fade and has no smell, but on this the advantages of home maintenance end. Dogs do not see themselves without hunting and can run miles every day. Therefore, for urban maintenance is not suitable. But on the farmstead the hunter can show himself in the best way, as they take not only waterfowl, but also a hare and a fox.

Instead of concluding

Despite some external differences, all spaniels are descendants of the same dogs. Over the long years of breeding, each of these breeds has acquired certain features that are peculiar to it exclusively. Today you can consider varieties of spaniels with a photo and description and compare them among themselves. But the common features that are typical of all these dogs are clearly traced. This irrepressible thirst for activity, activity and mobility. Locking any spaniel in an apartment of one is tantamount to dying. Especially it concerns young dogs, although up to a very old age they will call you for a jog every day. For busy people who do not like to spend time on the street, they are completely inappropriate. Spaniel can not be satisfied with a simple visit to the walking area. To throw out energy, he needs to run a considerable distance in a fairly active mode. The best option will be a bike tour, which will be useful for both the owner and his pet.

Standards of spaniels

A standard is a document that contains information about the properties (behavior, constitution, character, etc.) and the shortcomings of this breed.

The standard for everyone who breeds and grows this breed is the guiding principle and determines the limits of permissible actions. It clearly determines the appearance and character of the dog. The smallest deviations from it are considered a serious drawback and lead to the culling of the dog as an animal producer.

Spaniel articles: 1 - nose of the nose; 2 - the back of the nose; 3 - transition from forehead to muzzle; 4 - brow; 5 - forehead; 6 - occipital mound; 7 - neck; 8 - withers; 9 - back; 10 - small of the back; 11 - croup; 12 - root of the tail; 13 - tail; 14 - ischial tuberosity; 15 - thigh; 16 - drumstick; 17 - hock joint; 18 - plus; 19 - hind paw; 20 - the knee; 21 - groin; 22 - stomach; 23 - chest; 24 - front paw; 25 - pastern; 26 - forearm; 27 - elbow; 28 - shoulder; 29 - ear; 30 - cheekbone; 31 - face; 32 - lips

English Cocker Spaniel

Country of origin: United Kingdom.

General view: joyful, strong, athletic, harmonious, compact, about equal in size from the withers to the ground and from the withers to the base of the tail.

Height: male - 39-41 cm, bitches - 38-39 cm. Weight: 12,5-14,5 kg.

The skull is well developed, accurately carved, not too light and not rough. The mouth is square with a pronounced bridge of nose, which is located in the middle between the tip of the nose and the occipital bone. Cheeks do not protrude.

Eyes large, not convex, dark brown or brown. They are in good harmony with the coat. The edges of the eyelids are tightened.

Ears are planted at eye height, long and sluggish. They are covered with long, smooth and silky hair.

The nose of the nose is large. The nostrils are wide.

Lips tight.

Scissor bite. Jaws are strong.

The neck is beautifully set on oblique shoulders, medium length, muscular and dry.

Shoulders are oblique and dry.

The body is strong, compact.

The thorax is well developed, deep, wide. Ribs strongly convex.

The back line is strong and straight.

Croup is short and broad, at the end to the base of the tail slightly inclined.

Hind legs wide, well rounded, very muscular. The knee joint is bent at the right angle.

The forelimbs are muscular and set parallel to each other. Elbows touch the body. Pastern short. Claws are strong.

Spaniels have strong jaws

Paws strong, densely packed, like cat's pads.

The tail is located slightly below the line of the back. Must be fun to move and be directly aimed, but never stick up. As a rule, it is docked, but not too short and not too long, so that it does not interfere with the work.

The coat is moderate, smooth, silky, never hard or wavy. Color different. If monochrome, then without white spots, except the breast.

Movements are free, with throws in overcoming space.

Character cheerful, brave.

Disadvantages are any deviations in one direction or the other from the standard. The significance of the deficiencies is determined by the degree of deviation.

American Cocker Spaniel

The standard of the American Cocker Spaniel was approved on July 30, 1992. Breed Standard: FCI No. 167. Country of origin: USA.

General view: a small, highly advanced dog that can move with great speed, has mobility and endurance. Its body is very compact, and the head is proportional to the animal's body.

Height: male - 38 cm, females - 35.6 cm (possible deviations should not be more than 1.3 cm). Weight: 12 kg.

The head should be proportionally developed and meet certain requirements.

Skull is round. The transition from the forehead to the muzzle is well pronounced. Cheekbones are barely noticeable. The superciliary arches are elevated. Muzzle square format. Its length is 1/2 of the length of the skull.

Jaws are strong.

Eyes look forward. The eyeball is large and round. The color of the iris is dark brown. The incision is almond-shaped. The expression of the eyes is soft, a little sad, clever. Convex or too sunken eyes are unacceptable.

Spaniel - a cheerful and moving dog

Ears are long, hanging, wide, covered with long and thick hair, planted low (on one level with the outer corner of the eyes).

Nose is very large. Its color must necessarily correspond to the edging of the eyelids and the color of the dog (black, dark and light brown). The nostrils are wide.

Lips tight. The upper lip should slightly cover the lower jaw. The color of the lips should match the edging of the eyelids.

Teeth of medium size, strong and healthy.

Scissor bite.

The neck is muscular, long, slightly bent at the junction with the skull. There is no suspension.

Shoulders are oblique and dry.

The body is strong and compact.

Thorax is wide and deep. Its lower point is located below or level with the elbow joint. The dog's ribs are round and elongated.

The back line slightly bends to the muscular hind limbs.

The croup is very muscular, round and wide.

Hind legs are muscular, strong and set parallel to each other. The corners of the knee joints are clear. Hock joints are well developed, strong and low down. Knee joints are strong and strong. Thighs muscular. The forelimbs are straight, muscular and set parallel to each other.

Elbows touch the body. Blades dry, obliquely set. They are located close enough to each other and converge at an angle of 90 °. The withers are clearly pronounced.

Paws large, strong, rounded. Claws are dark and strong. Pastern short. Fifth fingers on the front paws are sometimes removed.

The tail is docked and constantly in motion. It is located on the same level as the back line. Pressed or too raised tail is considered a disadvantage.

The coat is different. The head is covered with soft, smooth and short hair. Torso - smooth hair of medium length with a thick undercoat.

Chest, ears, limbs and abdomen are covered - long, thick, soft, not restraining movements of hair.

The wool of the American Cocker Spaniel is silky, tightly fitting to the body. It can be straight or wavy.

Excessively curled, long or fluffy hair is considered a disadvantage.

The coat color of spaniels can be different

The color may be solid or spotty. With a solid color (black, cream, dark red, brown, brown and tan), a small white spot on the throat or chest is allowed. White spots in other places are considered disqualifying vice.

At spotty color mixing of several colors between which there should be a precise border (red-white, black-and-white, brown-white, etc.) is supposed.

One of the colors of the color must be white.

Red can be of different shades. Sometimes there is a ruddy tinge. The color of a tan should in no case be more than 10% of the main color. Its color corresponds to the color of the main color.

The movements are free and well coordinated. They are typical for a hunting dogfriend's dog.

The character is balanced. The American Cocker Spaniel is obedient, cheerful and brave, with an equal character. During the examination dogs can be rejected too vicious or too timid, suffering excessive distrust of others, showing excessive nervousness, frightened by the sound of the shot.

Disadvantages:

% male below 36.8 cm, female below 34.3 cm;

male above 39.4 cm, female above 36.8 cm;

black color in combination with white spots on the feet, back, head, abdomen;

sable color (subgroup ASCOB);

spotted color with predominance of one of the colors more than 90%;

slightly pronounced tan;

washed out tans;

fell on the cheeks, which merges over the lobe of the nose;

the area of ​​the taiga is more than 10%;

absence of tanning in the places indicated by the standard;

presence of tan in the places not specified by the standard (above the eyes, on the paws, under the tail, on the cheeks), especially in dogs of the subgroup ASCOB or animals of black color;

various shades of hepatic color.

English Springer Spaniel

Breed Standard: ECI No. 125. Country of Origin: United Kingdom.

General view: symmetrically complex, compact, strong, joyful, life-loving. Among all the British field spaniels has the longest limbs and the structure of the body characteristic of this breed.

Height: 51 cm. Weight: 23 kg.

Head and skull of medium length, commensurate in width, slightly rounded, on the muzzle side elevated, superciliary arches, joining over the bridge of the nose, separated by a fold of skin between the eyes, from the bridge of the nose to the occipital bone raised. Cheeks are flat. The mouth is of proportional length, width and depth, well carved under the eyes, the lips are square and deep enough.

A distinctive feature of spaniels is the big ears

Eyes of medium size, almond-shaped, not convex and shallow, without visible blinking film, sensitive, with a friendly expression, the color of a dark hazelnut. Blond eyes are undesirable.

Ears flabby, of good length and width, neatly fitting to the head, planted at eye height. Beautifully pubescent.

The nose and nasal cavity are well developed.

Teeth strong, sharp.

Jaws strong with a straight and regular scissor bite, for which the upper incisors without a gap abut the lower ones.

The neck is of good length, strong and muscular, without excess skin folds, slightly curved, tapering to the head.

Shoulders developed. The body is strong, not long and not short. Good bending of bones. The thighs are muscular, strong, slightly rounded and short.

Thorax is deep, well developed.

The croup is lowered, strong.

Hind legs well pubescent. The knee and ankle joints are good, but unevenly developed. The loins are broad, muscular and well developed. Ankle joint pump is undesirable. Forelegs straight, with good bone strength. Elbow bends fit well to the sides. Strong and elastic.

The paws are closed, compact, well rounded, with strong and dense rollers.

The tail is attached low, never rises above the level of the back. It is docked to the accepted length.

The coat is thick, smooth, resistant in all weathers, never rough. Well overgrown ears, body, front and hind legs.

The color is white, black and white, sometimes with radiant spots.

Free movements. With slow motion, it can show a typical amble for this breed.

The character is friendly, careless, obedient. This is the oldest, historically pure hunting breed. Its original purpose was to find and scare the game when hunting with a net, falconry or hunting with a greyhound. Now they use it to find game, raise it, then bring it up.

Disadvantages are any deviations from the above provisions.

The significance of the deficiencies is determined by the degree of deviation. The male should have two normally developed testicles, completely lowered into the scrotum.

Irish Water Spaniel

Breed standard: FCI No. 124. Country of origin: Ireland.

General appearance: elegant, tightly built, short, compact.

Height: male - 53-59 cm, females - 51-56 cm.

The head and skull must be of the right size. Highly elevated cranial arch of appropriate length and width. The nose bridge should be gradual (not very uplifting).

The front part of the muzzle is perfectly smooth (velvety). The mouth is long, strong, almost square.

Teeth healthy, clean.

Eyes proportionally small, very intelligent expression, the color is dark amber or dark hazelnut.

Ears are very long, deeply planted, close to cheeks, covered with long curled locks.

Torso of commensurate size. It should be proportional to create an impression of barrel shape with well curved ribs. The back is short, broad and straight, strong at the transition to croup. Loin is deep and wide.

The nose of the nose is large and well developed, the color of the dark liver.

Scissor bite.

Neck of commensurate length, strong and curved (head carries above the line of the back), passes into the shoulder area.

Shoulders very strong and inclined lying.

The thorax is barrel shaped, deep, although with a large girth it is not too wide and round between the forelegs, with ribs that are well curved behind the shoulders and go far back.

The line of the back is sloping.

Croup is strong.

Hind legs are strong, with long thighs and a well bend knee joint, are deeply planted in the ankle joint.

Forequarters with straight bones, well developed humerus. Forearms form a straight line with ankle joints, elbows and upper points of the shoulder blades.

Paws large, almost round, spread out, well covered with hair, as well as between fingers, but without excess.

The tail is short and smooth, strong and thick at the base (where it is covered by short curls on 7.5-10 cm), gradually becoming thinner to an acute end. The end of the tail should not reach the ankle and should be approximately at the level of the back.

The coat is thick, dense, completely devoid of wooliness, but with natural fat content. The chub should consist of long, freely hanging locks that lie on a pronounced ledge between the eyes. It should not look like a wig in shape, that is, be smooth and crawl from one side to the other.

Wool of spaniels dense and wavy

The back of the neck and sides of the neck should be covered with the same curls as the trunk. The throat should be smooth, smooth hair with a v-shaped patch cover the throat from the back of the lower jaw down to the sternum. The forelimbs should be covered from all sides with hair. On the front side should be shorter hair, which creates a kind of shaggy. Below the ankle joint, the hind limbs are smooth, but from the back to the feet are covered with hair.

The color is very rich, brownish-red or the color of the brown liver, a white spot on the chest is considered a disadvantage.

The dogs of this breed are distinguished by their movements characteristic only of them. These are rolling movements caused by a barrel-like shape of the chest, especially noticeable during walking.

The character is proud, highly intelligent and restrained, the dog is temperamental, courageous, bold and zealous, has great viability and devotion.

Disadvantages are any deviations from the standard.

Clumber Spaniel

Breed standard: FCI No. 109. Country of origin: United Kingdom.

General view: Proportionally developed dog, strong and graceful.

Height: 45 cm. Weight: male - 36.5 kg; bitches - 29.5 kg.

The head and skull are square, massive, of medium length, wide at the top with protruding occipital bone, heavy brow, deep nose bridge. Heavy square mouth with well developed lips.

The eyes are clear, the colors of dark yellow amber, slightly deeper, slightly tightened with a blinking film. Large light eyes are undesirable.

Ears are large, shaped like grape leaves, covered with smooth hair. Hang a little forward.

The nose of the nose is wide.

Lips are narrow.

Teeth healthy and beautiful.

Bite: strong jaws with a real, regular and full scissor bite. Teeth are perpendicular to the jaws.

The neck is a little long, thick, strong.

Shoulders strong, inclined, muscular. The body is long, heavy, and is close to the ground. The back is straight, wide, long. Muscular thighs, flowing sides.

By nature spaniels are imperturbable and devoted to their masters

The thorax is deep. Well curved ribs.

The back line is straight.

The croup is sloping.

The hind legs are very strong and well developed. Ankle joint is deep. The knee joint bends well and stands straight.

Forelegs short, straight, strong bones, strong.

Paws large, round, covered with wool.

The tail is set a little low, well covered with wool, is on the line of the back.

The coat is rich, dense, silky and smooth. Extremities and breasts well overgrown.

Color monochrome white with spots of lemon color, orange spots are permissible. Small spots on the head and specks on the face.

Movement: a rolling run that corresponds to a long body and short forelimbs. Move forward and backward straight.

The character is imperturbable, brave, intelligent.

Disadvantages: Any departure from the foregoing points. The male should have two normally developed testicles, completely lowered into the scrotum.

Field Spaniel

Breed Standard: FCI No. 123. Country of Origin: United Kingdom.

General appearance: well-balanced, elegant and strong.

Height: 45.5 cm. Weight: 18-25 kg.

The head and skull testify to the origin, character and nobility. The head is well carved, the occipital bone is well defined, under the eyes dry. Some compaction in this place makes the head rough. The brown color of the superciliary arches, the moderate bridge of the nose is underlined. The mouth is long and dry, not sharp, not square, in the profile gradually from the high throat passes into the shoulders.

The eyes are wide open, have an almond shape and the color of a dark hazelnut. Eyelids tight. There is no blinking membrane. Serious and soft look.

Ears of medium length and width, low set, covered with hair.

The nose is well developed, the nasal opening is sufficiently open.

Teeth strong, sharp, healthy.

The bite is full, scissor-shaped.

The neck is long, strong and muscular, enabling the dog to bring game without unnecessary energy.

Shoulders are long, oblique.

Forequarters of medium length, straight, bones flat.

The body is strong, muscular.

The back line is straight.

The thorax is deep and well developed. The length of the chest is 2/3 of the length of the trunk. Ribs are quite curved.

The hind legs are strong, muscular. Knee joints are not sufficiently developed. Ankle joint is deeply planted.

The forelimbs are strong, well developed.

Paws closed, round, with strong rollers, rather big.

The tail is low set, never worn above the back. Covered with wool, moving actively. It is cut to 1/3 of the length.

The coat is long, smooth, shiny and silky to the touch. Not curly, short or hard. Tight, adapted to any weather. Abundant, thick coat on chest, below the trunk, on the back of the limbs; ankle joint is smooth.

Color black, brown liver or piebald. Each of these shades with radiant spots. Pure black-white or brown-white color is considered a disadvantage.

Movements are long, unhurried steps with a big push of the hind limbs. Short, hard-to-maneuver is undesirable.

The character is ideal for participation in harsh hunting or for accompanying a resident of the countryside. Not suitable for the city.

Spaniels - born hunters

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the numerical value of the fault should be calculated in percentage to the degree of deviation. The male should have two normally developed testicles, completely lowered into the scrotum.

Sussex Spaniel

General view: massive, strong build.

Height: 38-41 cm. Weight: 22.7 kg.

The skull is wide, it seems middle curved from ear to ear, but not flat and not strongly convex, with indentation in the middle and a noticeable bridge of nose. Superciliary arches curved; prominent but not strongly protruding occipital bone. Well-formed head.

Eyes of hazelnut color, medium size, non-circular, soft look, presence of a blinking membrane.

Ears are thick, medium-sized and flaccid, planted above the eyes.

The nose is well developed, the color of the liver.

Teeth well developed, healthy. Bite straight, scissor-shaped.

The neck is long, strong, slightly curved, holding the head not too high above the level of the back. A little loose skin on the throat forms a beautiful crease.

Shoulders and forearms of strong bones with good muscles.

The trunk, back and waist are well developed and muscular in width and depth. The rear fins are deep. All the addition is strong and proportional, there is no visible transition from the nape to the rump.

The thorax is deep and well developed, not too round and wide.

The back line is straight.

Croup is muscular.

The forelimbs are inclined and mobile, the front joint is well developed, sturdy, the limbs are slightly short and sturdy.

Hindquarters of strong bones, muscular, ankle joints large and strong, limbs on good bones, not much shorter than anterior and sufficiently bent.

Paws round, well condensed, densely overgrown with hair between the fingers.

The tail is set low and never rises to the back. It is fixed to a length of 12.5-18.0 cm.

Some vices become visible only when the puppy grows up

The coat is rich and smooth, without the tendency to form curls and without a large podpushka to protect from the weather. The ears are covered with soft wavy hair, but not luxurious. The fore and hind legs are quite overgrown. The tail is densely covered with a short hair.

The color is juicy, the color of the gilded liver, the ends of the hair are cast more in gold. The color of the dark liver or red-brown is considered a disadvantage.

Movement: flawlessly forward and back with the same rolling.

Character cheerful. There is a natural tendency to work.

A friendly being, aggressiveness is completely absent.

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault.

Welsh Springer Spaniel

Breed standard: FCI No. 127. Country of origin: United Kingdom.

General view: symmetrical, compact, low in the legs.

Height: male - 48 cm, females - 46 cm.

A skull of commensurate length, slightly convex, protruding bridge of nose, well-formed subglottids. Mouth of medium length, straight, close to square.

Eyes of hazelnut color or darker, of medium size, not convex and shallow, the blinking film is not visible.

The ears are planted moderately deep and snug against the cheeks. Relatively small and gradually downward, a little like a grape leaf.

The nose and nasal opening are well developed, from brown to dark.

Teeth are even, healthy.

The bite is correct, scissor-shaped.

The neck is long, muscular, without excess skin folds.

The shoulders are inclined.

The body is not long, strong and muscular. The length of the trunk should be correctly correlated with the length of the legs. Loin short, muscular, easily bends.

Thorax is deep, well curved ribs.

Croup is muscular.

Hindquarters are strong and muscular, wide and fully developed, the shins are deeply stretched. Hind legs on strong bones, ankle joints are deeply planted. Good knee joints, easily, but not excessively bend.

Forequarters of medium length, straight; good strong bones.

Paws round, dense, strong, reminiscent of feline, small and non-sparse.

The tail is low set, never raised above the back. Docked to a commensurate length.

The coat is smooth, adherent, silky to the touch, dense, non-rigid and non-wavy. Lokonopodobny wool cover is considered a disadvantage. The anterior and hind legs are above the ankle joint, overgrown; on the ears and tail the hair is short.

Color only saturated red and white.

Movements: the flight is flying, many jerks.

The character is strong, joyful and cheerful.

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the numerical value of the fault should be determined in percentage to the degree of deflection.

Russian hunting spaniel

The following description of the dog standard for this species of spaniel is incomplete. To learn more about it, contact the dog-breeder's club, which is engaged in the breeding and training of the Russian hunting spaniel.

Country of origin: Russia.

General view: a small, slightly squat dog of strong, dry type of constitution.

Height: male - 38-44 cm, females - 36-42 cm.

Head dry, moderately long; The muzzle on the side approaches in shape to the rectangle.

Spaniels are easy to train

The ears are wide, long, hanging, planted on the line of the eyes.

The body is compact.

The tail is movable, straight, docked to half its length.

The coat is long, soft, straight or slightly wavy, close fitting. On the chest, stomach, tail, paws and ears developed a longer adorning hair.

Color is very diverse. Monochrome - black, brown, red; two-color - white with spots or smears; tricolor - white with spots or strokes and tan marks.

Movements are fast, swift.

Character cheerful.

Disadvantages: deviations from the standard.

Japanese Spaniel

Country of origin: Japan. General appearance: a small, strong dog with an unusual appearance.

Height: 28-30 cm. Weight: 1,8-3,2 kg.

Head: broad, convex forehead, short muzzle with snub nose.

Ears high set, hanging.

The nose of the nose is black.

The eyes are large and expressive.

Hind legs high, slender. Forequarters are tall, slender.

The tail is high, planted behind the back, decorated with long, silky hair.

The coat is long, very soft. The coat is straight, silky, with a poorly developed undercoat. Evenly covers the whole body, except for the head.

Color white with black or red spots. Dark spots on the head are usually located symmetrically, covering the sides of the head, ears and areas around the eyes on each side.

Movements are cautious, but impetuous.

Character strong, bold.

Disadvantages: light spots on the nose, a nose of a changing color, straight ears, injured eyes, improper tail setting, wavy hair, too loose elbows.

Disqualifying vices: body weight above the permissible standard, cryptorchidism, blindness, light bodily or brown nose.

Cocker Spaniel - a highly energetic, sociable and faithful breed of dogs from all known to date. Care for her is both work and happiness. This dog will change your life for the better and make yourself proud. You will be obliged to give him as much of your love as he will give you. This article will tell you a lot of interesting things about these delightful creatures.

General characteristics of the breed

Having brought a cocker spaniel to your home, be sure that you will have to forget about such a concept as loneliness. It's so cool - always be in the inventive (in the field of fun and entertainment) company. Dive into the mud or bury yourself in a snowdrift - with joy! But your dog will not want to walk on a rainy day.

A dog of the Cocker Spaniel breed needs a human presence to maintain a full life. Such devotion will not reward you in the world. To all pluses of dwelling with him in one room you can add one more - he is a reliable guard of your home. His master regards his master as a leader, and himself as his defender, servant. He watches all human movements and deeds both inside and outside the house. If you want to distract your watchman for a little while, you will need some kind of delicacy. But it is necessary to remember the excessive love of the Cocker for food, which often leads him to obesity.

The distinctive quality of this species of dogs  from others lies in the fact that they can not sit still for more than a minute. This can be explained by the fact that the breed was artificially taken out, in order to create an ideally fast hunting animal. On catching the cockers scare the birds with loud barking. Also, good eyesight and a sense of smell make them excellent hunters.

Life and character

The English Cocker Spaniel is mostly cheerful and sociable with the world around him, but there are shy and timid representatives of this breed. It is also interesting that bitches differ from dogs by perseverance and a strong desire to dominate everything.

This four-legged friend always tries to please the master, so he quickly learns what he is taught. He is kind to children and strangers, gets along well with other pets, is sensitive to changes in the human mood. In addition, the cocker spaniel is very "talkative". Bringing him into the house, get ready for his loud barking.

Most often representatives of this breed live to 11-13 years, since in a year and a half they are already considered adults. At this age, both bitches and males have a growth of 38 to 40 centimeters, weight - from twelve to fourteen kilograms.

Over time, the Cocker Spaniel breed has gained popularity among breeders. The mating was unintelligible - few people thought about the consequences. This led to a change in the nature of dogs: there are aggressive and nervous specimens.

It is better to live and develop this species, of course, in the village, but in a big city apartment it is also possible, provided that you will walk your pet as often as possible. On the street, you can witness the attempts of a cocker to catch a pigeon, a crow or a cat. In order for your pet not to touch them, it needs to be trained and trained from the first months of life.

It is also important that for a long period of time the dog can not leave one. Loneliness negatively affects his behavior and disturbs the psyche.

English Cocker Spaniel has a silky, no curls, hair that must be regularly cleaned and combed, or confused in the tangles. It is undesirable to bathe often, but one must constantly monitor the health of the ears - this is a weak spot. Physical loads are allowed in as many as the owner himself can withstand. Instead, you can make regular short walks. It is necessary to feed not more than three times a day. The dog of this breed is unusually gluttonous and prone to obesity.

Russian Cocker Spaniel

This species was created to acclimatize the British spaniels for hunting in Russia. The fact is that here the animals brought from England could not adapt, and there was nothing to talk about catching the prey with their help.

Cocker Spaniel Russian is the result of crossing the English Springer and Cocker Spaniel. The new breed was able to establish itself as an excellent hunter for waterfowl, field and swamp birds, as well as hares and whites. Has all sorts of qualities of an ideal girlfriend's dog: scent, hearing, stamina, stubbornness and desire for hunting.

Characteristics of character

Friendly, energetic and balanced in his actions. These features have recently become the main reasons for this popularity of the Cocker Spaniel breed. A dog likes walking, swimming, does not chase chickens and geese, is friendly to other pets.

In the forest for a man becomes an indispensable assistant, at home - the best friend. And in general, the owner is God for her. Behind him, she will go into the fire and into the water. Her tirelessness and devotion will not end, but, unlike the English spaniel, she understands when to become invisible and not to interfere.

Care

If you properly take care of a Russian cocker and give him enough attention, there will be no health problems. It can be kept in private houses and in apartments, provided there are regular long walks and games with a stick or ball, which the cocker spaniel greatly needs. Care for him is not so burdensome as for other breeds.

Combing and cleaning the coat is easy - it is enough to do it once a week, and 2-3 times a year - to remove its dead spots. In the haircut does not need, because after it begins to grow too thick fur. But trimming is sometimes required in places of unnaturally reddish shades of wool.

Ears should be given special attention: check and clean them as often as possible, because because of their length they are prone to otitis. Feeding is necessary at least twice a day, or even three. Due to improper or impaired diet, not only obesity may appear, but also a food allergy.

American subspecies

American Cocker Spaniel was bred in America through the selection of English kind of spaniels.  Thanks to its elegant appearance and character, the breed continues to breed in the US, as well as in many other countries.

Despite the beauty and elegance, this dog is very hardy, with strong bones. It is easy and quick to get used to a sharp change in lifestyle.

Character and behavior of the breed

American Cocker Spaniel will be your irreplaceable friend and favorite for the whole family. This obedient, kind, energetic dog with a pleasant character. For health and long life is better to keep it in the house or apartment. But in any case, do not forget about walks and games in the fresh air. Cocker will be happy to live with other domestic pets. Special warm relations arise with the cat, if they grow together. Indulging in the pranks of young children.

Obedience and training are important and necessary rules for a dog of this species. He will be able to overcome loneliness for a while, but for a long time it's dangerous to leave a dog. This is fraught with the emergence of negative habits, such as causeless barking or howling. It also affects the nervous system of the dog.

Features of maintenance and care

Like any pet, an American cocker spaniel requires daily regular walks. Although these pets can not remain idle for a short time, this does not help them in any way. Stay in good physical shape they will help games in the yard with various objects like small rubber balls.

The dog will also be happy with the training. Teach him to bring you newspapers or room slippers. Involve him in all sorts of things your family, because he is her full part! Cocker rejoices at any mobile activity and will be grateful that you save him from boredom.

With the right content of the dog of this breed live about 14-16 years. Weigh comparatively little: 8 to 12 kilograms. The height at the withers is approximately 38 centimeters.

To prevent tangle of silky wool and maintain an excellent kind of spaniel, it is enough to comb it every other day. Unlike English, an American cocker can often be bathed. As a rule, they even like this process. Use proven and quality shampoos for dogs  to avoid rashes and other skin allergies.

Spaniels often develop eye diseases, so pay special attention to their prevention. Carefully clean them with damp cotton pads without soap. Also do not forget to cut off the claws, clean your ears and teeth.

Impressions of the breed

Before you buy a thoroughbred puppy, it is extremely important to know about him and his needs as much as possible. After all, you do not have it for a day or a month, but for more than a dozen years. Especially if you decide to take responsibility for such a refined dog as a cocker spaniel.

Description of the nature, rules of care for the dog - all these moments you have already read in this article. And certainly ready to become the future owner of the dog. Now it is worth to get acquainted with the opinions and recommendations for the care of representatives of the Cocker Spaniel breed. Testimonials of experienced dog breeders, given below, will give you a vivid example of a life together with this four-footed friend.

Advantages.  Owners convince that it is harder to find someone more beautiful and elegant than this animal. Mind, devotion, friendliness, obedience and tenderness - all these qualities fully reveal the value of the dog of this breed.

For hunting, this dog is ideal. He is enduring, persistent and, importantly, he himself is willing to catch. If your choice fell on the Cocker, then you know - you take a reliable guard into your home.

Offense against his master this dog will never manifest in the form of aggression, but will survive it inside himself. As for food is not choosy, but the owner needs to carefully choose the right products.

Disadvantages.  Due to excessive activity, it may be possible to overturn vases and flowers. Spaniels often pick up various diseases: eye, infectious, allergic, digestive.

A lot of time is spent cleaning wool. Most often it grows long and from time to time molts. But for true lovers of spaniels, the above disadvantages will turn into easily solvable difficulties.

Advice.  They should not be started by people with symptoms of allergies to cat or dog hair. If you are a busy person, a cocker spaniel will not suit you. Dog owners say that it is vital for her to stay close to the owner almost all the time.

Do not walk the pet in places where there are many mites. For prevention, you need to get vaccinated by contacting a veterinarian for this. To ensure that the ears are not smeared, it is desirable to carefully collect them over your head before eating.

It is dangerous to keep a bird with a spaniel in the room, since the cockerer is a hunter. He can easily catch and damage the bird.

And most importantly - never hit a dog! In addition to resentment and fear of you, which it will conceal all your life, you will not achieve anything. It is extremely difficult to restore trust, if not impossible at all. Instead of using force, use training - this will solve all problems with discipline. And do not confuse strictness with aggression towards the pet.

As you know, a dog is a man's friend. What other animal is capable of so faithfully looking into the eyes and loving its owner more than anything else? Each breed of these pets is special in its own way: pocket-sized little dogs live in the house and never leave their master; Hunting dogs are large, they are introduced to hunt waterfowl.

Characteristics of the breed

Pets large size is uncomfortable to keep in the apartment, so they usually contain people living in their homes. These are dogs like the dog, wolfhound, St. Bernard. However, not all hunting dogs are large. These include medium-sized animals, such as the English Cocker Spaniel.

This pedigree dog is very easy to distinguish from others - it is medium-sized, has long hair and hanging ears. They are not whimsical, they are always full of energy. Despite the fact that it is a hunting dog, some people plant these animals simply because they are beautiful.

But in this case, you need to remember: these pets love freedom. Therefore, they need to walk more often in nature. For example, the breed English Cocker Spaniel is very hardy, and the hunting instincts in his blood.

The word "spaniel" comes from the English combination of the words "high jumping", and "cocker" in English is a woodcock (forest bird), specially for hunting this bird and breeding dogs of this breed.

In addition to the hanging ears, the description of the English cocker spaniel includes:

• Dark eyes. They are usually brown, and in different dogs the eyes can be of different shades: light, dark brown;
• The body of the animal resembles a square, and the muzzle is a rectangle, the nose is wide;
• Strong and even body, which only slightly bends when approaching croup;
• Forelegs short, but strong, due to which the animal stands confidently on its legs;
• The shoulders are not straight, but slightly oblique, so they look together with the body as a whole;
• On the paws of the animal there are pads, due to which it is able to creep very silently to the game;
• Often you can see these pets with a cropped tail, this operation is carried out for convenience on the hunt.

Of course, if you decide to have a dog of this breed, then you need to think about what it is better to feed an English cocker spaniel. Cocker spaniel puppy nutrition is little different from that of an adult pet - they only need to give not 200-300 grams of cooked meat per day, but 50. It is not recommended to give bones.

The diet of dogs of this breed contains:

• cereals and bread (this is not the main food of the dog, it is only for variety, it is better to boil porridge from buckwheat, rice, while adding vegetables);
• eggs (boiled soft-boiled or scrambled eggs);
• fruits, vegetables (greens, carrots, pumpkins, zucchini, finely grind them and add butter or sour cream);
• milk and sour-milk products (very useful cheese, cottage cheese with yogurt).

In addition, do not be afraid to indulge your pet with delicacies such as crackers, dried fruits. It is especially convenient to use them when training. By the way, garlic for dogs is necessary for health, so that worms do not start.

You should pay attention to the fact that your four-legged friend gets used to food, and if you feed him with birth certain products, he will get used to them and will eat practically only this food.

What care is needed for dogs of this breed

• to comb a dog it is necessary every day that the wool does not fall to shreds;
• to clean a pet's hair it is necessary with the help of brushes, rags;
• to bathe it often is impossible;
• walk the animal you need at least two times a day;
• food should be fully-fledged;
• the haircut of an English cocker spaniel should be regular;
• periodically need to cut the claws of a dog, brush her teeth with a special paste;
• the ears of the pet should be cleaned daily with a special solution, and with food - tie them up so that they do not interfere with it;
• after walking, check the dog's ears, there may be earplugs.

In Russia, brought out a special kind of cocker spaniels. This is the Russian version of the cocker spaniel, created specifically for our conditions. Such dogs are able to hunt feathered, for example, ducks, as well as hares.

Russian Spaniel Character

Spaniels in Russia are calm, but not indifferent, they are easy to train, but sometimes in puppyhood, babies can show disobedience. After the puppy turns a year, he starts to recognize his and others' and really attach himself to the owner. Russian hunting cocks perfectly track the game, and then quickly find it and bring it to the owner. These dogs are very playful, kind, quickly enter into the hunting excitement.

The color of Russian spaniels is different - brown, black, red, brown-piebald, black-piebald, black with tan, and there are other shades of these colors.

Features

It should be noted that the American cocker spaniel differs thick and long hair. The wool of the dogs is silky and wavy. The eyes are mostly dark, brown. Color American hunting dogs is monophonic, two- and three-color.

By nature very friendly and can become a real friend to children. They do not tolerate loneliness, so they can not be left alone for long. By the way, American spaniels get along well with other pets, they are well trained, obedient and full of friendliness.

It is necessary to pay special attention to the food of the cocker spaniels. These dogs always want to eat, but giving them food is often not possible, since this can provoke obesity. Some owners of these pets adhere to a certain diet.

The game is a favorite activity of the cocker spaniels. It awakens in them the natural instincts - to seek and bring something. These pets are very good with children, and they help them develop physically, because catching a shaggy friend is not so easy.