The average salary indicator allows us to trace the positive or negative dynamics of growth in the well-being of the population in the country.
Although the average statistical calculation cannot reflect the real situation regarding different segments of the population, it makes it possible to compare existing income with the minimum indicators that are necessary to maintain life and improve everyday life.
Statistics record in 2018 a significant increase in both the average salary in Russia and the entire country’s economy. However, it should be noted that different regions of the country have significantly different figures from each other, which cannot but affect the standard of living of a particular district. Regular calculations of average indicators allow not only to compare data, but also to respond to identified changes.
The average salary in Russia is an unstable indicator; its value is influenced by various factors, both external and internal. A significant increase in this indicator occurred after changes were introduced in the calculation of the average value. Previously, when calculating, only the salary was taken into account, that is, the established basis, which is accrued to workers under any conditions. Now, to obtain the average statistical figure, a more expanded range of data is taken, which also includes allowances and bonuses.
The average salary affects all economically significant values. In addition, both the minimum wage and the living wage are in some way codependent with this indicator.
The dependence is expressed as follows:
- The state establishes a living wage, which is formed on the basis of the food basket and vital goods, the purchase of which allows one to meet the minimum human needs. The cost of living is set on average for the country, but can be adjusted depending on the region.
- Based on the PM, the minimum wage is established. It should be mentioned that previously these indicators did not depend on each other, and the minimum wage was often less than the minimum wage. In 2018, they decided to eliminate this difference.
- The minimum wage is the value below which the employer cannot set when setting wages for employees.
Thus, both the cost of living and the minimum wage directly affect the average wage in the country, although they are not formed only from them. Employers have the right to set their own salaries and tariff rates, but cannot set them below the allowed minimum. PM and minimum wage are regularly indexed to the amounts of established inflation, which also increases the average indicators.
Comparison with salary levels in other countries
According to the results summed up for 2017, Russia is in 66th place in the global ranking of countries in terms of average salary.
The final figures for 2018 have not yet been summed up, but the current trend suggests an increase in the level in this rating by several points. Nevertheless, today, of the 157 countries of the world taken by Eurostat, the Russian Federation is not in the worst, but, unfortunately, not in a very enviable position.
Average salaries in the world are as follows (data in US dollars):
- Switzerland is considered one of the highest paying countries, with an average income per capita of the working population of $6,300.
- In Norway the average is 4,800.
- USA – 4,500.
- Germany – 4,300.
- Japan – 4,100.
- South Korea – 2,700.
- Poland – 1,480.
- Greece – 1,320.
- Estonia – 1,280.
- Slovakia – 1,050.
- Russia – 700.
- Belarus – 430.
- Ukraine – 290.
Most countries of the former CIS exist within the range of 100-400 USD. income per month. And the most difficult situation is observed in African countries, where the standard of living is so low that the average income is $50 per month.
Changes in wages by year
The amount of wages is steadily growing. To monitor the growth rate, let’s compare two indicators - the minimum wage and the average salary in Russia.
Over the past 10 years, the minimum wage has changed as follows:
- 2009 – 4,330 rub.
- 2011 – 4 611.
- 2013 – 5 205.
- 2014 – 5 554.
- 2015 – 5 965.
- 2016 – 6,204, and later 7,500.
- 2017 – 7 800.
- From 01/01/2018 – 9,489.
- From 05/01/2018 it will be increased to 11,163.
Figures for average wages also grew and changed:
- 2009 – 18,755 rub.
- 2010 – 20 880.
- 2011 – 23 370.
- 2012 -26 820.
- 2013 – 29 795.
- 2014 – 32 587.
- 2015 – 33 876.
- 2016 – 36 203.
- 2017 – 37 100.
The planned increase in the minimum wage in May 2018 will significantly affect the increase in the average income of a Russian, but do not forget that prices are rising along with wages. Most often, the inflation rate is not fully compensated by the minimum indicators.
Another significant disadvantage of the increases is the fact that prices rise throughout the year, and compensation is assigned only at the end of the year, which undoubtedly introduces a dissonance between real income and the amount of living expenses.
Salary indicators
Speaking about average statistical data, it is difficult to imagine the situation more specifically, so Rosstat considers these indicators in narrower spectra.
The earnings indicator is affected by:
- The region of the Russian Federation under consideration.
- An industry in which employees work.
- The significance of the city itself, whether it is a regional, district center or an ordinary small village.
Personal qualities of workers and acquired knowledge also affect income levels:
- The profession often determines the initial minimum income levels, which can subsequently be increased with due diligence.
- Work experience increases the level of qualification of both the worker and the employee, and therefore can affect payment.
- Achievements in work also allow you to add additional payments to your existing salary.
The above personal characteristics are difficult to summarize in statistical tables, but, of course, the higher the labor consciousness of citizens and the higher the desire to provide themselves and their children with a decent future, the better the performance of both the individual and the country as a whole.
By industry
Not all industries are highly profitable, and therefore belonging to one or another sector of production often determines the amount of income.
Rosstat provides the following data on industries in the Russian Federation:
- Fuel energy, including the processing of fuel resources and their direct supply to the consumer, is in the lead with indicators of 80 thousand rubles.
- Financial activity – 73,000.
- The extractive industry, which is mostly represented by oil and gas companies, has an average salary of about 70 thousand rubles.
- Fishing – 55,000.
- Extraction of other minerals (except oil and gas) – 51,000.
- Transport sectors occupy fourth position - 43,000.
- Real estate sector – 42,500.
- Public sector – 40,000.
- Electric power industry – 37,500.
- Manufacturing production – 35,000.
- Construction – 32,000.
- Provision of utilities – 31,500.
- Healthcare – 29,500.
- Education – 29,000.
- Trade – 28,700.
- Hotel and restaurant business – 22,000.
- Agriculture – 21,700.
The above data clearly demonstrates that oil workers and financiers can boast of the highest incomes, but agriculture, unfortunately, is among the lagging behind, although it is undoubtedly no less important for the country.
By region
The Russian Federation is too large to evaluate as a whole.
Regions differ in their weather conditions, population, and industries. All this together affects the level of income of citizens living there. Therefore, all average indicators are often presented not for Russia as a whole, but for individual regions.
At the beginning of 2018, the spread of average wages by region is as follows:
- In the Central Federal District, which includes Moscow and the Moscow region, it is 49,390 rubles.
- Northwestern Federal District, including St. Petersburg - 44,178.
- South – 28,294.
- North Caucasus - 23,081.
- Privolzhsky - 28,294.
- Ural - 44,178.
- Siberian - 33,878.
- Far Eastern – 44,178.
Each district covers vast territories, so there are also significant variations in average statistical indicators within.
By city
Official statistics provide calculations of the average salary for each city in the Russian Federation separately, but we will present this data in separate blocks from the richest to the lowest income.
So, the 10 leaders of the Russian Federation in terms of average income are represented by the following cities and districts:
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 70,620.
- Moscow – 66,880.
- Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - 61,930.
- Chukotsk – 56,100.
- Magadan – 55,880.
- Sakha – 53,460.
- Sakhalin - 51,260.
- Kamchatka - 50,600.
- Tyumen – 50 160.
- St. Petersburg – 45,430.
Lowest incomes in:
- Dagestan – 17,270.
- Kemerovo -17,490.
- Novosibirsk – 17,600.
- Smolensk – 20,020.
- Kalmykia and Tver – 20,130.
The data show that the spread of wages across cities varies significantly and Moscow and those regions that are engaged in oil and gas production and fishing are considered the most profitable.
Problem with payments in envelopes
Unemployment and black wages significantly reduce the average income of the population. Often, lack of employment does not mean lack of income; people work unofficially, which undoubtedly harms not only themselves, but also society. Illegal payments of earned money not only make it impossible to correctly calculate the overall figures, the problem of black and gray amounts is the lack of taxes deducted from them.
It would seem that paying taxes to a pension fund or not is a personal matter; each person decides for himself whether he wants to think about his old age or not. However, black income is reflected in the overall replenishment of the country’s budget, because employers also do not deduct taxes on these amounts. Interruptions in budget allocations affect all segments of the population, from newborn babies to pensioners. Each socially protected group of the population receives the required support from the budget and the greater the influx of funds into it, the higher the benefits assigned. In addition, people with illegal income cannot obtain a salary certificate, which is often needed when applying for bank loans.
The highest paying professions
The choice of profession often decides a person’s future life. Each era dictates its own conditions, and in different years, different specialties were held in high esteem in the country and in the world.
Speaking about today, we can highlight many professions that are relevant and in demand; of course, the main criterion for assessing them is salary.
The highest paid professions for 2018:
- Pilot – 62,000.
- Air traffic controller - 57,000.
- Web programmer – 47,000.
- Lawyer – 40,000.
- Economist - 37,500.
- Dentist – 37,300.
- Safety engineer – 37,000.
- Designer - 36,700.
- Gasman - 36,500.
- Shakhtar – 36,400.
- Chief physician - 33,750.
- Auditor – 32,400.
- Translator – 32,300.
- Welder - 31,000.
These are not all in-demand professions, but they are undoubtedly the most highly paid.
Lowest paid professions
Contrary to popular belief that those who do not have any profession earn the least, this is not always the case.
The lowest paid professions are:
- Librarian – 11,500.
- Janitor - 14,000.
- Watchman - 15,000.
- Kindergarten nanny – 15,500.
- Nurse – 20,000.
- Security guard, courier – 24,000.
- Loader – 25,000.
- Seller, teacher - 26,000.
Of course, within each specified profession there are different payment options, but on average the situation with income according to these lines looks exactly like this.
Average salary calculation
The average salary is calculated not only to assess how a particular region lives, how an industry develops, or how the well-being of citizens increases. This indicator is widely used for various calculations.
The most common and striking examples of its application are:
- Pension calculation.
- Calculation of alimony.
To calculate pension
In 2018, pension benefits are calculated using the following formula:
Basic (social) part + insurance (earned) pension.
The social pension benefit is adopted as a general figure at the state level. It is calculated based on certain indicators and is regularly increased by a factor that depends on the established inflation level in the country. A citizen cannot influence the basic part with his personal indicators.
The insurance part of the pension is calculated as follows:
The amount of accumulated individual points * for the cost of 1 IPC.
The IPC amount is calculated based on two indicators:
- Years worked during which insurance premiums were paid.
- The arithmetic average between the income earned by the employee himself and the level recognized as the average at the time of calculation.
Conversion of average values is carried out as points accumulate.
To withhold alimony
Alimony payments are assigned in two ways:
- As a percentage of available income.
- A stable amount.
Both rates are used to assign alimony for:
- Minor children.
- Disabled spouses.
- Parents who are retired or have a disability group.
In practice, percentage deductions of alimony are made only for minor children. The following rates apply.
The Simplified magazine has prepared a table of the average salary in Russia, which should be applied in 2019. You cannot pay lower, so the table actually represents the minimum wage by industry.
In the table, salaries are broken down by region, as well as by type of activity, taking into account the new OKVED-2019 codes. The average salary must be paid by industry (type of activity), otherwise the tax authorities will think that the employer pays the salary in envelopes, and additional penalties and fines, contributions and personal income tax will be assessed.
Accountants should note that due to changes in the minimum wage, as well as average earnings, employers must increase wages. How to find out whether your company will have a Federal Tax Service audit regarding salaries, read the article in the magazine "Simplified".
Average salary in Russia as a whole in 2019
The average salary in Russia, if we take figures for all 85 regions of the Russian Federation, according to Rosstat, in the first half of 2019 is 42,550 rubles. Rosstat cited such figures in its study. These figures are taken before the deduction of personal income tax, which is 13%. That is, in real terms, the average salary in the Russian Federation is even less - 37,018.5 rubles. (42,550 – 13% of 42,550).
Average salary in 85 regions of the Russian Federation by industry and type of activity
How to use the table: Find your industry (1st column) and your region (2nd column) in the table. In the 3rd column you will see the average salary. After downloading, the table is available for sorting by type of activity OKVED and regions of the Russian Federation.
Related articles:
- How the minimum wage changed in 2019: table by region of the Russian Federation
- Mandatory salary indexation in 2019 in commercial organizations
- New regional salary coefficients in 2019: all regions of the Russian Federation
- Rules for calculating salary advances in 2019
The table shows the average salary by industry and region of the Russian Federation
Please note that this table is for last year, it is used in 2019.
Republic of Adygea (Adygea), Republic of Altai, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Republic of Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Karelia, Komi Republic, Republic of Crimea, Mari El Republic, Mordovia Republic, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan), Republic of Tyva, Udmurt Republic, Republic of Khakassia, Chechen Republic, Chuvash Republic - Chuvashia;
Altai Territory, Transbaikal Territory, Kamchatka Territory, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Perm Territory, Primorsky Territory, Stavropol Territory, Khabarovsk Territory; Amur region, Arkhangelsk region, Astrakhan region, Belgorod region, Bryansk region, Vladimir region, Volgograd region, Vologda region, Voronezh region, Ivanovo region, Irkutsk region, Kaliningrad region, Kaluga region, Kemerovo region, Kirov region, Kostroma region, Kurgan region , Kursk region, Leningrad region, Lipetsk region, Magadan region, Moscow region, Murmansk region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Novgorod region, Novosibirsk region, Omsk region, Orenburg region, Oryol region, Penza region, Pskov region, Rostov region, Ryazan region, Samara region, Saratov region, Sakhalin region, Sverdlovsk region, Smolensk region, Tambov region, Tver region, Tomsk region, Tula region, Tyumen region, Ulyanovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Yaroslavl region;
Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol;
Jewish Autonomous Region; Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
As can be seen from Rosstat data, real disposable income of the population is growing in 2019 compared to previous years.
As of July 1, 2019 There were no overdue wages in 9 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Over the month, it decreased in 34 subjects, remained unchanged in 5 subjects, increased in 34 subjects, and formed in 3 subjects of the Russian Federation.
Debt due to untimely receipt of funds from budgets of all levels for the range of observed types of economic activity as of July 1, 2019. left 55 million rubles, or 2.0% of the total amount of overdue wages.
Of the total debt due to budgetary underfunding, 38.4% fell on the federal budget, 60.2% on the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and 1.4% on local budgets.
How employers can use average salary
Tax officials determine the average salary in a company based on the indicators of the latest 6-NDFL report. The formula is as follows:
Using this formula, calculate the average salary in the organization yourself. Then compare with statistics for your region and industry.
Numeric value average salary in the Russian Federation used to determine the amount of alimony. This is due to the fact that the salary unit calculated in this way determines the average level of wages for a certain group of the average population. Accordingly, the resulting numerical value can be used to calculate the average amount of alimony payments, the final amount of which must partially or fully satisfy the financial needs of the recipient of the amounts.
However, there are a lot of nuances and features associated with calculating alimony based on the average salary. This is due to the fact that these calculations can be applied both by involving “high” and “low” indicators. Of course, for groups of the population with a minimum income, the national average salary may be excessively high, which may provoke an increase in debt. As well as for regions where the average salary level is very high, the average value is the optimally profitable amount.
As a rule, the arithmetic significance of the average salary is most often used when it is necessary to determine the amount of alimony debt for the past period. This option is optimal due to the fact that the final amount of debt is determined based on the annual average salary during the period when no payments were made.
According to the RF IC, collection of arrears in alimony payments can be made for the last 3 years, or from the moment when the debt was formed. The first option applies if the plaintiff is the direct culprit for the formation of the debt. For example, if the writ of execution was not presented for execution. The second option is used when the direct culprit is the debtor.
To make final calculations of the amount of alimony debt, the following aspects apply:
- First of all, the amount of alimony that was initially determined is taken into account. In this case, it is not important how exactly the specified amount was established: through a settlement agreement, or when a court decision was made.
- In addition to salary, the amount of alimony arrears also includes shares from other types of earnings or income received by the defendant.
- If the defendant does not have officially registered income during the period of debt formation, the average wage is used to determine its final amount. which was adopted regionally and nationally.
Accordingly, the average indicator is used exclusively in cases where the debtor cannot document his own income.
Useful video: Average salary in Russia. Modal and median salaries
Online calculator for calculating alimony
| Number of common minor children: | 1 2 3 or more |
| Second parent's salary: |
rub. Error |
| Deduct personal income tax from salary: | Yes No |
| Other income of the second parent: |
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Regulations
Family legal relations, including the procedure for deducting alimony, determining debts, and methods of payment are regulated by several basic regulatory legal acts. So, the Family Code of the Russian Federation is called the main one. When carrying out any calculations of alimony, Article 113 is applied predominantly.
Carrying out the debt collection procedure, its norms, rules, the procedure for the final calculation of alimony by executive authorities implies the use of the Federal Law “On Executive Power”.
Useful video: what is the amount of child support established by law?
Table of average salaries by regions of Russia in 2018
The average level of wages in the country in 2018 was about 42,115 rubles. However, these indicators are quite conditional. Each region of the Russian Federation has its own average indicators, which may differ significantly from those indicated above.
The table below shows the average salary in Russia in 2018 according to Rosstat for alimony payments by region of the Russian Federation. You can always look at the most current information on the official website of Rosstat.
Average wages by region in January, August 2018
| Region | January 2018, rub. | August 2018, rub. | Height,% |
| Central Federal District, including: | 47 453 | 51 383 | 8,28 |
| -Ivanovo region | 23 300 | 24 941 | 7,04 |
| –Lipetsk region | 28 966 | 31 107 | 7,39 |
| - Moscow region | 46 410 | 47 837 | 3,07 |
| - Moscow | 70 251 | 77 618 | 10,49 |
| Northwestern Federal District, including: | 46 775 | 46 757 | -0,04 |
| - Pskov region | 23 175 | 26 075 | 12,51 |
| – Republic of Karelia | 34 733 | 36 305 | 4,53 |
| – Nenets avt. district | 80 362 | 83 628 | 4,06 |
| - Saint Petersburg | 58 598 | 56 100 | –4,26 |
| Southern Federal District, including: | 28 686 | 30 769 | 7,26 |
| - Republic of Kalmykia | 23 635 | 24 802 | 4,94 |
| - Rostov region | 27 594 | 29 480 | 6,83 |
| – Astrakhan region | 29 138 | 34 133 | 17,14 |
| North Caucasus Federal District, including: | 24 389 | 25 878 | 6,11 |
| - The Republic of Dagestan | 21 699 | 22 886 | 5,47 |
| – Karachay-Cherkess Republic | 23 653 | 23 947 | 1,24 |
| - Stavropol region | 26 343 | 29 001 | 10,09 |
| Volga Federal District, including: | 28 758 | 31 209 | 8,52 |
| - Saratov region | 25 275 | 26 075 | 3,17 |
| - Orenburg region | 27 499 | 30 452 | 10,74 |
| – Perm region | 32 009 | 34 257 | 7,02 |
| Ural Federal District, including: | 43 099 | 45 192 | 4,86 |
| - Kurgan region | 25 548 | 26 981 | 5,61 |
| – Tyumen region without cars. districts | 40 176 | 42 635 | 6,12 |
| – Yamalo-Nenets Aut. district | 88 232 | 90 869 | 2,99 |
| Siberian Federal District, including: | 33 910 | 35 334 | 4,20 |
| - Altai region | 22 546 | 25 091 | 11,29 |
| - Transbaikal region | 35 272 | 35 681 | 1,16 |
| - Krasnoyarsk region | 40 617 | 41 219 | 1,48 |
| Far Eastern Federal District, including: | 49 341 | 50 781 | 2,92 |
| – Jewish auto. region | 35 292 | 36 889 | 4,53 |
| - The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | 60 825 | 57 252 | -5,87 |
| – Chukotka Aut. district | 90 105 | 91 654 | 1,72 |
Average salary table for different specialties in 2018
| Profession | average salary |
| Sales area | |
| Sales Representative | 33,000 rubles |
| Cashier | 26,000 rubles |
| Salesman | 26,000 rubles |
| Merchandiser | 33,000 rubles |
| Courier | 24,000 rubles |
| Administrator of the trading floor | 27,000 rubles |
| Construction sector | |
| Foreman | 43,000 rubles |
| Handyman | 24,000 rubles |
| Painter-plasterer | 30,000 rubles |
| Mason | 33,000 rubles |
| Concrete worker | 30,000 rubles |
| Crane operator | 40,000 rubles |
| Industry and blue-collar professions | |
| Welder | 40,000 rubles |
| Loader driver | 35,000 rubles |
| Driver of special equipment | 37,000 rubles |
| Electrician | 32,000 rubles |
| Plumber | 32,000 rubles |
| Locksmith | 30,000 rubles |
| Operator | 35,000 rubles |
| Loader | 25,000 rubles |
| Carpenter | 35,000 rubles |
| Office specialties | |
| Secretary | 30,000 rubles |
| Accountant | 33,000 rubles |
| Manager | 35,000 rubles |
| PR manager | 35,000 rubles |
| Marketer | 33,000 rubles |
| HR specialist | 33,000 rubles |
| Service sector, beauty | |
| Cosmetologist | 35,000 rubles |
| Visagiste | 33,000 rubles |
| Hairdresser | 33,000 rubles |
| Masseur | 33,000 rubles |
| Waiter | 25,000 rubles |
| Manicurist | 33,000 rubles |
| Cook | 35,000 rubles |
| Transport, logistics | |
| Driver | 27,000 rubles |
| Trolleybus driver, electric train | 32,000 rubles |
| Subway driver | 46,000 rubles |
| Train driver | 52,000 rubles |
| Taxi dispatcher | 30,000 rubles |
| Bus (minibus) driver | 30,000 rubles |
| Truck driver | 50,000 rubles |
| Truck driver | 35,000 rubles |
| Healthcare sector | |
| Nurse, caregiver | 25,000 rubles |
| Pediatrician | 37,000 rubles |
| Surgeon | 47,000 rubles |
| ENT | 45,000 rubles |
| Ultrasound specialist | 40,000 rubles |
| Venereologist, dermatologist | 50,000 rubles |
| Gynecologist | 45,000 rubles |
| Urologist | 40,000 rubles |
| Dentist | 50,000 rubles |
| Therapist | 40,000 rubles |
| The sphere of education | |
| High school teacher | 32,000 rubles |
| Teacher at school | 28,000 rubles |
| Teacher at the institute | 45,000 rubles |
| Kindergarten teacher | 26,000 rubles |
Table of average salaries, dynamics by year
| Year | Average salary in the Russian Federation, thousand rubles | Dollar equivalent at the exchange rate for the same year |
| 1999 | 1523 | 56 |
| 2000 | 2220 | 79 |
| 2001 | 3250 | 107 |
| 2002 | 4350 | 137 |
| 2003 | 5500 | 185 |
| 2004 | 6750 | 243 |
| 2005 | 8550 | 300 |
| 2006 | 10600 | 404 |
| 2007 | 13600 | 554 |
| 2008 | 17300 | 590 |
| 2009 | 18650 | 615 |
| 2010 | 20900 | 687 |
| 2011 | 23400 | 725 |
| 2012 | 27000 | 885 |
| 2013 | 30000 | 915 |
| 2014 | 32600 | 827 |
| 2015 | 33900 | 550 |
| 2016 | 36703 | 605 |
| 2017 | 39085 | 678 |
| 2018 | 42115 | 687 |
Table of average salaries around the world
To compare the data, below are the average salaries around the world (selected), the data is in US dollars, relevant for 2018.
Should public sector employees, military personnel and other categories of citizens expect income growth?
The coming year traditionally prepares for us an increase in prices.
You will learn how much the incomes of Russians will increase in 2018 from our material.
Income level by region
Probably, any person understands and is aware of the fact that the average salary is one of the most important economic indicators. It is greatly influenced by many different factors.
The Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for all kinds of allowances, incentive payments, additional payments and bonuses. In addition, salaries are indexed annually. That is, it also depends on the level of inflation. This means that this figure is multiplied by the projected price increase - 4-4.5%. However, in practice, salary increases are often below the inflation rate. Hence the decline in the well-being of the population.
Until quite recently, when calculating the average income of Russians, only workers' salaries were taken into account. However, now the authorities have introduced a new methodology, which was the main reason for the nominal increase in this indicator.
In order to consider the level of income of the residents of our country, let us dwell on the dynamics of such an indicator as the minimum wage (minimum wage). By law, the salary of any worker at his main place of work cannot be less than the minimum wage.
According to Art. 129 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, this minimum includes:
- payment for an employee’s work, taking into account his qualifications, as well as the complexity, volume and conditions of work;
- various types of compensation and allowances (for example, for work in difficult climatic conditions, in the presence of radiation, etc.);
- incentive payments (bonuses and incentives);
- additional payments of a different nature.
The minimum wage is established by Federal Law dated June 19, 2000 No. 82-FZ.
In accordance with Art. 133 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is valid throughout Russia and cannot be lower than the subsistence level.
Note!
From January 1, 2018, the average Russian minimum wage is 9,489 rubles.
It should be noted that the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to independently establish a higher minimum wage threshold.
Each region determines this amount based on socio-economic conditions and the cost of living in its territory
For example, the minimum wage in Moscow in 2018 will be 18,742 rubles.
Now let's talk about the predicted trends in changes in the average level of salaries of Russians. According to the majority of independent experts, in the near future the financial condition of the majority of Russian citizens will improve. The crisis is beginning to gradually slow down, and the economic situation in the country is gradually stabilizing. The average salary in the regions will systematically increase, at least through annual indexing, and the percentage of growth will vary based on several key factors:
- areas of professional activity of a citizen;
- work experience and qualification level;
- labor merits and achievements.
Recent news indicates that the authorities plan to register the average salary rates for workers directly in the Codifier of Russian Professions, and they also want to introduce a minimum threshold below which salaries cannot be set.
Additionally, it is planned to introduce an interdependent salary scale, according to which the director of the organization will no longer be able to receive a salary ten times higher than the salaries of employees.
Salaries in Russia by industry and specialty
The level of income of a citizen is directly dependent on the type of activity in which he is engaged. According to Rosstat, the following categories of workers receive the highest average salaries:
- mining industry - 71 thousand rubles;
- fuel energy - 81 thousand rubles;
- mining - 51 thousand rubles. ;
- transport sector - 43 thousand rubles. At the same time, a special equipment driver earns about 60 thousand rubles, a loader driver - 46 thousand rubles, a forwarder - 43 thousand rubles, a mechanic - 40 thousand rubles;
- public sector - 40 thousand rubles .. This applies to heads of departments and middle managers, ordinary employees receive less.
It should be noted that personnel in management positions in almost any field earn more than the average. For example, directors of government institutions have about 68 thousand rubles. monthly, chief doctors, private doctors and pharmacy directors - 65 thousand rubles, senior managers of the hotel and restaurant business - 60-64 thousand rubles. , foremen, foremen and foremen in construction - 50-58 thousand rubles. Managers of homeowners' associations or housing and communal services receive an average of 46-66 thousand rubles. per month.
Among other highly paid professions, a number of narrow-profile specialists can be distinguished. It is more difficult for them to find work, but their salaries are much higher than those of ordinary workers. For example, the income of civil aviation pilots in the Russian Federation is almost 300 thousand rubles. per month. The average salary of a programmer is 60 thousand rubles. Professional internal relations managers in large companies receive up to 250 thousand rubles. monthly, and experienced accountants - up to 350 thousand rubles. A young lawyer can count on a remuneration of 35 thousand rubles. per month, and his more experienced colleagues earn 150 thousand rubles. monthly.
The lowest salaries are observed in the following industries:
- medical and educational services. Nannies and nurses can receive up to 10 thousand rubles;
- manufacturing industry. Craftsmen, technologists and other specialists receive an average of 16 thousand (clothing, home textiles) to 32 thousand (pulp and paper industry) rubles;
- food industry - 29 thousand rubles. ;
- production of furniture and goods made of wood - 22 thousand rubles. ;
- production of shoes and leather goods - 21 thousand rubles.
Ancillary workers and some representatives of blue-collar professions earn approximately the same amount.
The income level of each individual person depends on many factors: qualifications, experience, readiness for business trips, relocation, availability of a personal car, etc.
For example, the average salary of a turner in Russia is in the range of 15-20 thousand rubles. But if a specialist has special permits and work experience, he can count on 30-40 thousand rubles, and if he is also ready to work on a rotational basis, then 60 thousand rubles.
Employees of the hotel and restaurant business have to be content with small incomes. The average salary of an administrator, waiter, receptionist and maid is 20-25 thousand rubles. monthly. Chefs earn more - up to 34 thousand rubles.
In the medical industry, the situation is also far from rosy. Laboratory assistants have to be content with an amount of 14 thousand rubles. per month, pharmacists and pharmacists - 24 thousand rubles, nurses and junior medical personnel - 19-23 thousand rubles.
Education workers receive slightly more. The average income of a teacher in the country is 27 thousand rubles, but these are extremely average figures - the same as the salary of, for example, a janitor. According to official data, the latter’s earnings are about 15 thousand rubles. per month, but in practice they rarely receive more than 10 thousand rubles.
The average salary of a police officer is 30 thousand rubles. But since most of it consists of various individual allowances (for having a higher education, length of service, officer rank, etc.), the given figure can vary greatly. For example, a bonus for conscientious service can be more than half of an employee’s salary, for the presence of a risk to life and health - up to 100% of the salary, for special working conditions (for example, for a sniper or cryptographer) - up to 30% of the salary. Thus, a police officer who has no service complaints, works under special conditions and has dedicated more than 25 years to service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs will receive about 70 thousand rubles. If the employee has other allowances, then the amount will naturally be even greater.
Note! According to independent experts, by 2025 the majority of Russians will earn at least 75 thousand rubles. per month. Time will tell how realistic this statement will be.
Salary indexation since 2018 for public sector employees
Wage indexation is nothing more than compensation to its recipients for inflation and rising consumer prices for goods and services.
About 14.5 million people work in the public sector in our country. Previously, indexation affected 9 million. It is known that almost 300 billion rubles will be allocated from the federal and regional budgets next year to increase the income of state employees.
Wage indexation in 2018 will most likely be approximately 4%
In December, the president announced that starting in January 2018, salaries for all public sector employees would be indexed. Including categories that were not included in the “May decrees”.
Thus, indexing will affect:
- accountants, personnel department employees and lawyers of organizations receiving funding from the state budget;
- kindergarten staff, social workers, as well as specialists involved in the comprehensive rehabilitation of citizens (for example, psychologists);
- firefighters (employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation);
- foresters and workers who support forestry and ensure its protection from fires;
- veterinarians;
- meteorologists, specialists in oceanology and hydrobiology;
- employees of seed production and selection centers.
In addition, it is planned to increase the wages of certain categories of service personnel, namely:
- infrastructure engineers;
- those responsible for maintaining buildings in working technical condition (electricians, plumbers, mechanics, etc.);
- system administrators and specialists in servicing software and hardware systems;
- cleaners
The salaries of doctors, military personnel, police officers and teachers will also be increased.
Increasing salaries of civil servants
The latest news regarding wage indexation in 2018 was recently announced by Vladimir Putin. He stated that wages would be indexed only for those civil servants (and equivalent categories of workers) who were not subject to the previously carried out income indexation, or under the so-called May decrees.
The “May Decrees” of 2012 are eleven legislative acts in which the President instructed the Russian government to implement a number of measures to increase the income of certain categories of workers for the period until 2018. These decrees spell out all the necessary measures that were supposed to improve the living standards of those Russians who serves for the good of their homeland, that is, works in government agencies.
Note! According to representatives of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, next year the incomes of civil servants, senators and deputies will be increased by 4%.
Let us remember that the last time civil servants’ salaries were increased was in 2013, and the salaries of deputies and senators were increased in 2014.
To implement indexation, the government plans to allocate an amount of 450 billion rubles, more than half of which is provided for additional incentives for government employees.
Let us recall that the salaries of civil servants consist of the following elements:
- salary according to position;
- salary according to rank;
- bonus for length of service (10% for work experience from 1 to 5 years, 15% for 5-10 years, 20% for 10-20 years, 30% for service longer than 30 years);
- additional payments for special working conditions (up to 60% of the salary - for employees of junior government positions, 60-120% of the salary - for representatives of the senior group of positions, 150-200% of the salary - for those in the highest position group).
Today, the first two elements are the main part of financing the labor of officials. As a rule, this amount is no more than 1/8 of the salary. From 2018, it is this part that is planned to be increased, while reducing dynamic payments in the form of various allowances and bonuses.
According to a number of economists, there is an extremely sharp differentiation of income among officials, so it is impossible to increase everyone’s salaries by the same percentage. Based on this, new rules were developed.
In order to receive the maximum salary in 2018, an official will be required to meet a number of requirements
Each official will sign an employment agreement, which clearly states the standards and indicators that he needs to fulfill, as well as the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of his work. Anyone who cannot prove their usefulness in practice will receive a reduced salary and will lose additional allowances.
It should be noted that the issue regarding assessing the quality of work of civil servants has not yet been resolved. The government says that each department will develop its own list of performance indicators, but how exactly this will happen is still unclear. According to experts, such an idea may be good, but it is impossible to implement it in relation to all government agencies. If for employees of the economic sector it is still possible to offer an indicator in the form of attracting capital or creating new production capacities, for employees of the Ministry of Labor - in the form of reducing the number of unemployed or increasing the number of new jobs, then in the political bloc there is absolutely nothing to measure labor efficiency.
There was some bad news too. In the new year, civil servants will face reductions, because the government plans to revise the powers of government agencies in such a way as to eliminate their duplication in different institutions and departments. Therefore, it is likely that this is how the money needed to increase salaries will appear in the budget.
Increase in salaries of public sector employees
As mentioned above, the draft federal budget of the Russian Federation provides for the indexation of salaries of public sector employees by 4% from 2018. According to representatives of the Ministry of Finance, in the future - that is, in 2019-2020 - an increase is also expected by 4%. At the same time, teachers’ salaries are planned to begin to be calculated in a new way in the near future.
The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation proposes to introduce a kind of “table of ranks” for teaching staff and set the amount of remuneration depending on the qualifications of each
An approximate gradation looks like this:
- the teacher is a young specialist. He will receive the lowest salary;
- A senior teacher is an experienced teacher who knows how to develop and put into practice various teaching methods. Such workers will constitute middle management;
- leading teacher - coordinates the work of other teachers, organizes educational processes and will receive the highest salary.
Vice-Rector of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations Alexander Safonov commented on the upcoming indexation: “Millions of Russians will receive an increase in their salaries. This is a serious step on the part of our government, and it greatly increases the burden on the state budget. You need to understand that the country’s leadership will not put this practice on a permanent basis; this is a one-time action aimed at supporting public sector employees.”
Note! It became known that the government has allocated additional money in the amount of 1.2 billion rubles. to increase wages for workers engaged in the field of science.
Let us note that scientists achieved the increase in salaries, one might say, themselves. On June 28, 2017, a rally was held in the capital, organized by the Trade Union Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Participants in the meeting accused the government of the country of failure to comply with the May 2012 decrees of V.V. Putin, and in addition to the requirement not to forget about the goal set in these decrees of increasing costs for scientific development, they stated the need to increase the level of funding for basic research.
Three months later - on September 29, 2017 - the government submitted to the State Duma for consideration a bill on the federal budget for 2018 and the planning period 2019-2020, according to which costs for basic research next year are planned to be increased by 33 billion rubles. or by 28% compared to 2017. In 2019 and 2020, the amount of funding for basic research is also planned to increase, but not by much.
Salaries of doctors in 2018
According to a statement made by Vladimir Putin, next year the income of doctors should increase to 200% of the average salary in the region in which they work. As for junior and mid-level medical personnel, they are promised a 100% increase.
The President noted that the first steps in this direction have already been taken - the salaries of doctors in some regions of the country this year increased to 180% of the average wage, coming as close as possible to the specified indicators.
Olga Golodets, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian government, also confirmed the statement of the head of state. She said that funds for the implementation of the “May” decrees were included in the state budget for 2017. According to the official, doctors should receive decent pay for their work, then they will be able to work more efficiently, providing better services to the population.
Today, doctors' salaries across the country vary greatly from region to region. The largest sums are received by doctors who work in Moscow and St. Petersburg. However, the government says that this situation will be corrected soon.
The salary increase will be carried out in such a way as to equalize the capital and regional salaries of doctors
Many experts have already expressed their opinion regarding the current state of affairs. It is possible that the average salary of doctors will actually rise significantly in 2018. However, this can only be a consequence of another wave of cuts in this area. It is quite natural that a doctor working at 1.5 or even 2 times the salary will receive more.
Average salary of military personnel
Military salaries consist of a salary and various types of additional payments. In addition, there are a number of indicators that affect the size of their monetary allowance, for example:
- position and title;
- achievements and merits in work;
- the term and conditions of service, as well as the place and time of its completion (peacetime, “hot spot”).
Note!
The financial condition of the defenders of the Motherland today is at a fairly high level. The average salary of Russian military personnel is about 50 thousand rubles, which is twice the average monthly income of an ordinary Russian.
If we talk about military salaries depending on rank and position, here we can give the following gradation:
- Warrant officers and sergeants have a minimum salary of 30 thousand rubles;
- the monthly salary of lieutenants reaches 60 thousand rubles;
- captains receive up to 65 thousand rubles;
- lieutenant colonels - approximately 80 thousand rubles;
- colonels - 95 thousand rubles;
- senior command staff - more than 100 thousand rubles. monthly.
Over the past decade, the government has initiated a series of reforms aimed at improving the performance of the Russian army, modernizing its combat equipment, optimizing the number of employees and management structure, and increasing the prestige of service in the armed forces.
Over the course of several years, the salaries of military personnel have been constantly increasing. In addition, they were promised the provision of official housing and various social guarantees. However, due to the deepening economic crisis, the authorities had to abandon some initiatives. In 2016, it was announced that military salaries would not be indexed for now, and there could be no talk of increasing appropriations at all. This happened due to the fact that there is simply no free money in the state treasury. Of course, many noted that such a decision runs counter to V. Putin’s May decrees. But it seems that the increase in military salaries has been postponed for now.
Average salary in Moscow in 2018. How much do they pay in the capital?
In the coming year, the average salary in Moscow will be much higher than the same figure in any other region of our country. Residents of the northern capital, St. Petersburg, as well as South Ossetia, can also boast relatively high incomes.
As Vladimir Efimov, the leader of the capital’s Department of Economic Development and Reconstruction and Respect, noted, in 2018 the average monthly salary in Moscow should be 67 thousand rubles, and in 2020 - already 76 thousand rubles. According to the speaker, this forecast was compiled not only on the basis of data from the Federal Tax Service and pension funds, but was also verified with information received from banking organizations operating in the capital of the Russian Federation.
Summary
Official speeches by officials cover the topic of indexation of Russians' wages very sparingly. However, from the limited official information it follows that income growth for residents of our country will begin in January 2018.
If you believe the latest news, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation stated that it will find the amount necessary for indexing, although it is quite large.
In addition, there is one more piece of news - perhaps wages will be indexed for all workers, regardless of whether they previously received compensation in the form of indexation. However, it is still unclear how true such conversations are; we are waiting for official clarification.
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