Head of the department
Professor Ishkhanov Boris Sarkisovich
In the spring of 1946, Dmitry Vladimirovich Skobeltsyn organized and headed a special department at the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University, which was supposed to provide high-quality training for specialists in nuclear specialties. Academician D.V. Skobeltsyn was the founder of nuclear physics in the USSR. His scientific activities covered various areas of nuclear physics, cosmic ray physics, high energy physics, and quantum electrodynamics. D.V. Skobeltsyn founded the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics at Moscow State University and was its director from 1946 to 1960.
Academician V.I. Veksler (1907-1966)
In 1949, the special department was divided into five departments. The Department of Accelerators was headed by Vladimir Iosifovich Veksler. In December 1949, the first graduate of the department took place - 10 students, most of whom came to Moscow State University from the front.
To work at the Department of Accelerators V.I. Wexler attracted A.A. Kolomensky and V.A. Petukhov - the largest specialists in accelerator physics and at the same time brilliant lecturers. Since the late 50s, the Department of Accelerators, in addition to training specialists in the physics of accelerators and the physics of nuclear interactions, has become the organizer of the educational process in the final section of the general physics course for all students of the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University - the nuclear physics course.
In 1961 V.I. Wexler moved to Dubna, where he headed the JINR High Energy Laboratory. Andrey Aleksandrovich Kolomensky became the head of the department. The department trained specialists both in the physics of accelerators and plasma physics, and in the physics of nuclear processes. In this regard, the name of the department was somewhat expanded and it became known as the “Department of Nuclear Interactions and Accelerators.”
Over the years, two main scientific directions have emerged at the department, successfully interacting in physical research. The physics of charged particle beams and plasma physics were the subject of the main scientific interests of prof. A.A. Kolomensky and his students V.K. Grishin and O.I. Vasilenko. The study of excited states of atomic nuclei and nuclear reactions was the subject of scientific research by B.S. Ishkhanova, I.M. Kapitonova, V.G. Sukharevsky, F.A. Zhivopistseva, N.G. Goncharova, E.I. Cabin. A.V. Shumakov devoted his efforts to the problems of automating physical experiments. Simultaneously with the preparation of students of the department in these main scientific areas, the staff of the department taught the final section of the general physics course - nuclear and particle physics to students of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University, which included lectures, seminars and a workshop.
In 1987, the department received a new name “Department of General Nuclear Physics”. Professor Boris Sarkisovich Ishkhanov was elected head of the department.
Professor A.A. Kolomensky
(1920-1990)
The department staff reads over forty special courses for students. The variety of topics of special courses corresponds to the main areas of training for graduates of the department. Professors from other departments of the Faculty of Physics and RINP researchers are involved in teaching special courses.
General nuclear practical work is an integral part of training at the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University. More than 300 students from 25 different departments perform it annually. The main objective of the workshop is to develop new methods for conducting and analyzing complex scientific experiments in nuclear physics - particle physics and interaction physics. Students get acquainted with modern experimental equipment, independently carry out measurements and processing of various nuclear characteristics and nuclear reactions. Every year, about 20 teachers of the department, staff and graduate students of SINP are involved in the work at the workshop. In addition, as the experience of recent years has shown, the widespread involvement of young SINP employees to work with students in the workshop turns out to be important both for more successful interaction with students and for the professional training of the employees themselves.
Pulsed split microtron
continuous action at 70 MeV
The Department of General Nuclear Physics of the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University, together with the SINP MSU, has created the website “Nuclear Physics on the Internet” (nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru), on which educational and reference materials on nuclear and particle physics and related disciplines are published in open access. First of all, these are materials from the corresponding section of the general physics course taught at the physics departments of classical universities. At the same time, it is filled with material related to special courses and applied aspects of nuclear physics.
Published materials are placed in several sections:
- general course materials (lecture materials, problems and their solutions, methodological developments, etc.);
- special course materials;
- reference materials (link lists of websites of research centers, scientific journals, educational materials published on other websites on nuclear physics and related topics, interfaces and links to nuclear databases, etc.);
- automated knowledge testing and self-testing systems;
- virtual consultations;
- virtual laboratory workshop, etc.
The materials on the site are used by students and teachers of both the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University and other universities.
The main directions of scientific work at the department: accelerator physics, fundamental nuclear physics, high energy physics, radiation processes and new materials, support and development of databases on nuclear physics, in particular on the physics of electromagnetic interactions, radioecology, experiment automation, computer modeling.
The department has taken a leading position in such an important area as the generation of continuous high-current electron beams. On the basis of the developments carried out at the department, the OEPVA SINP MSU created, for the first time in the world, accelerators with continuous high-power electron beams, which, in addition to fundamental research, turned out to be indispensable in solving many applied problems - such as, for example, transmutation of elements, i.e. . change in the elemental composition of a sample under the influence of an intense particle beam, which is of interest for solving a wide range of fundamental and applied problems.
On a two-section compact electron accelerator with high beam power, launched in 2001, irradiation sessions of samples of semiconductor technology and space materials were carried out. Together with NPP Thorium, three sections of accelerating structures were manufactured for a double-sided microtron with a continuous beam of electrons with an energy of 1.5 GeV, which is being built at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Mainz (Germany).
The main advantage of continuous accelerators is the 100% duty cycle fill factor, i.e. in such accelerators the beam is generated continuously, in contrast to pulsed accelerators, where the fraction of the beam lifetime is usually 0.1%. Due to this, the maximum speed of collecting statistics is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than on pulsed accelerators, which makes it possible to study rare processes with small cross sections that are inaccessible for observation on conventional accelerators.
Department staff, students and graduate students are also engaged in theoretical research, in particular, research into the structure and properties of multipole resonances in nuclear reaction cross sections. As part of the collaboration between Moscow State University, the JLAB National Laboratory (USA) and the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (Italy), based on the model developed at the OEPVAYA SINP MSU, an analysis of experimental data on the production of pion pairs by virtual photons obtained by the international collaboration CLAS on a continuous electron beam was carried out new generation accelerator JLAB (USA).
A number of theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out on the physics of electromagnetic radiation of relativistic electrons in various media. Research was carried out to search for effective sources of short-wave radiation and new methods for structural diagnostics of condensed matter and analysis of the parameters of accelerated particle beams. The practical possibility of creating on this basis a source of bremsstrahlung radiation with the intensity of a highly directed photon beam, an order of magnitude higher than the intensity of traditional sources, was shown. These sources, using electron beams with energies up to tens of MeV, will have compact sizes, but have a significantly higher efficiency than currently existing analogues. Experimental studies in this direction were carried out on the basis of new generation accelerators.
The development and improvement of information support is a common problem for various areas of human activity. Physical research in general (nuclear physics in particular) is just one of them. The state of affairs in this area in recent years has been characterized by a rapid increase in the volume of information received, analyzed and used, with a simultaneous increase in requirements for its accuracy and reliability. This directly links the effectiveness of scientific research with progress in information technology.
Several years ago, under the coordination and leadership of the IAEA, an international network of Nuclear Data Centers was created to accumulate, process and disseminate nuclear data. The network also includes the Data Center for Photonuclear Experiments of the SINP MSU. In recent years, CDFE has created several large relational databases (http://depni.sinp.msu.ru/cdfe/). For example, one of the databases contains all published information about all (~2500) currently known stable and radioactive nuclei; the database on nuclear reactions contains over 1 million data sets (volume > 500 MB) from more than 100 thousand publications.
In 1996, a new direction of scientific research was created at the department: “Radiation processes in solids and new materials,” which was caused by the need to provide training for specialists and conduct research in the field of nonequilibrium processes accompanying the passage of ion and molecular beams through condensed media. Such processes are increasingly used in the synthesis of materials with new properties that are not possible to obtain by traditional methods. Another area of use of radiation processes, also continuously expanding, is the development of nuclear physics beam techniques for diagnosing the composition and structure of materials and for studying phenomena in solids and on surfaces.
Undergraduate and graduate students of the department have the opportunity to study high-energy physics. Research in this area is being carried out at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University in the Department of Experimental High Energy Physics (HEHP). The department conducts research at the largest accelerators in the world: at DESY (Germany), at the Tevatron in the USA, at the European Center for Nuclear Research CERN (Switzerland). Preparations are underway for experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, which is being built at CERN.
An important area of research is the problem of low doses of ionizing radiation, which has not only radiobiological, but also socio-economic significance. The natural background of the Earth and the overwhelming majority of irradiation cases are low doses. Their biological hazard remains a central and controversial problem in radiation medicine and radioecology. A comparative analysis of the effect of small doses on various organs and tissues was carried out, the problem of the threshold was considered and a conclusion was drawn about its existence.
In 1982, prof. B.S. Ishkhanov was awarded the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Professors of the department B.S. Ishkhanov and I.M. Kapitonov are the authors of discovery No. 342, “The pattern of configurational splitting of the giant dipole resonance in light atomic nuclei” (1989). They were also awarded the Lomonosov Prize.
The building was built in 1949–1952. Includes two bronze figures of P. N. Lebedev and A. G. Stoletov on high pedestals made of polished red granite and paired lamps in the form of metal columns with five shades installed on the main staircase of the main entrance.
During its existence (since 1933), the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University has trained more than 25 thousand physicists, more than 500 doctors and about 4 thousand candidates of science defended their dissertations at the faculty.
At the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University, 24 officially registered discoveries were made out of a total of about 350 discoveries in all areas of the natural sciences. Every third academician and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of physics, geophysics and astronomy is a graduate of the Physics Department of Moscow State University.
Over the years, 81 academicians and 58 corresponding members of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Nobel Prize laureates, 49 Lenin Prize laureates, 99 Stalin Prize laureates, 143 State Prize laureates of the USSR and the Russian Federation worked at the Faculty of Physics over the years.
Eight physicists from the USSR and Russia were awarded Nobel Prizes for research in the field of physics. Five of them worked at the physics department.
The faculty is divided into 40 departments, which are combined into 7 departments:
1. Department of Experimental and Theoretical Physics:
– Department of Theoretical Physics [theorphys.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Mathematics [matematika.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Molecular Physics [molphys.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of General Physics and Molecular Electronics [vega.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Biophysics [biophys.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Medical Physics [medphys.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of English [msuenglishphd.webs.com];
– Department of Quantum Statistics and Field Theory;
– Department of General Physics [genphys.phys.msu.su];
– Department of Physics of Nanosystems [nano.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Particle Physics and Cosmology [ppc.inr.ac.ru];
– Department of Physical and Mathematical Control Methods [physcontrol.phys.msu.ru];
2. Department of Solid State Physics:
– Department of Solid State Physics [kftt.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Semiconductor Physics [semiconductors.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals [polly.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Magnetism [magn.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Low Temperature Physics and Superconductivity [mig.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of General Physics and Condensed Matter Physics [ferro.phys.msu.ru];
3. Department of Radiophysics and Electronics:
– Department of Oscillation Physics [osc.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of General Physics and Wave Processes [ofvp.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Acoustics [acoustics.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Photonics and Microwave Physics [photonics.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Quantum Electronics [quantum.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Physical Electronics [physelec.phys.msu.ru];
4. Department of Nuclear Physics:
– Department of Atomic Physics, Plasma Physics and Microelectronics [affp.mics.msu.su];
– Department of Space Physics [cosmos.msu.ru/kafedra];
– Department of Optics and Spectroscopy [opts.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Nuclear Physics and Quantum Collision Theory [sinp.msu.ru/np_chair.php3];
– Department of Quantum Theory and High Energy Physics [hep.phys.msu.ru];
– Department of Elementary Particle Physics [hep.msu.dubna.ru/main];
– Department of Accelerator Physics and Radiation Medicine [
Dean - Professor Sysoev Nikolai Nikolaevich
Nikolai Nikolaevich Sysoev- physicist, candidate (1980) and doctor (1995) physics and mathematics. Sciences, professor (1998), head. Department of Molecular Physics (2002), Deputy Dean (1998), Dean of the Faculty of Physics of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Member of the Faculty Academic Councils (1992) and Moscow State University (1996), four dissertation councils at Moscow State University (2000). Director of the Center for Hydrophysical Research of the Faculty of Physics (1991). Member of the Board of Directors of the Moscow State University Science Park (2000). Chairman of the Moscow State University Academic Council commission on scientific issues (2002). Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (2000), academician of the International Academy of Sciences of Ecology, Human Safety and Nature (1977), member of the Head Council "Health and Human Ecology" (1992), member of the expert council on ecology at the Moscow Committee on Science and Technology (1980), advisor Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Science of the Russian Federation (2001), assistant to a deputy of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation (2002). Area of scientific interests: physical hydro- and gas dynamics, physics of explosive processes. Chairman of the editorial board of the journal "Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 3. Physics, Astronomy." At Moscow State University he teaches courses: “Physics of Combustion and Explosion” and “Introduction to Molecular Physics”. He prepared a galaxy of candidates of sciences, published over 200 scientific papers and a number of monographs.
About the faculty
The teaching of physics at the Imperial Moscow University began in 1755, the year of the establishment of Moscow University. The university was founded as part of three faculties: philosophy, medicine and law. Department experimental and theoretical physics was one of four departments of the Faculty of Philosophy. In 1850, the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics was formed, in 1933 - the Faculty of Physics.
The origins of the development of modern physics were the great Russian scientists, professors at Moscow University: A.G. Stoletov, who discovered the laws of the photoelectric effect; ON THE. Umov, who was the first to obtain the general equation of energy motion; P.N. Lebedev, who was the first to experimentally measure the pressure of light on solids and gases. These scientists received worldwide recognition; they laid the foundation for the creation of world-class physics scientific schools at Moscow University. Outstanding scientists have worked and continue to work at the Faculty of Physics. It is enough to name such names as S.I. Vavilov, A.A. Vlasov, R.V. Khokhlov, N.N. Bogolyubov, A.N. Tikhonov, L.V. Keldysh, V.A. Magnitsky, G.T. Zatsepin, A.A. Logunov, A.R. Khokhlov, V.G. Kadyshevsky, A.A. Slavnov, V.P. Maslov and many others. Seven Nobel laureates in physics out of ten Russian Nobel laureates studied and worked at the physics department. These are academicians I.E. Tamm, I.M. Frank, L.D. Landau, A.M. Prokhorov, P.L. Kapitsa, V.L. Ginzburg and A.A. Abrikosov.
The Faculty of Physics of Moscow University is the best physics education in Russia and world-class scientific research.
In seven (experimental and theoretical physics, solid state physics, radiophysics and electronics, nuclear physics, geophysics, astronomy, additional education), including, you can receive a classical fundamental education and conduct scientific research in almost all modern areas of experimental and theoretical physics, geophysics and astronomy, nuclear and particle physics, accelerators, solid state physics and nanosystems, radio physics and quantum electronics, nonlinear optics and laser physics, classical and quantum field theory, gravity theory, mathematical physics, environmental and medical physics, physics Earth and planets, ocean and atmosphere, in the physics of cosmic rays and space physics, in the astrophysics of black holes and pulsars, in cosmology and the evolution of the Universe and in many other areas, and finally, in the management of scientific research and high technology.
Scientific research of the nuclear physics department is carried out at the base, and for the astronomy department - at the base. The faculty has departments in the city of Dubna, in the city of Protvino, in Chernogolovka and in the branch of Moscow State University in Pushchino. Faculty scientists have extensive connections with universities in Europe, America, Asia, and Australia. Scientific cooperation of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University with universities in Russia and the world is the basis for its integration into the global educational space and scientific community.
During its existence (since 1933), the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University has trained more than 25 thousand physicists, the faculty defended dissertations for more than 500 doctors and about 4 thousand candidates of sciences. Every third member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of physics, geophysics, and astronomy is a graduate of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University.
Scientists of the faculty have made many outstanding scientific discoveries, 35 professors of the faculty were awarded the title of Honored Scientist of Russia, at different times they graduated from the faculty and worked at it, 38 scientists were awarded Lenin Prizes, 170 - State Prizes, 70 - Lomonosov Prizes. It is difficult to name another higher education institution, another academic or industrial research institute in Russia that would employ so many outstanding scientists.
Currently, the faculty has developed its own school for training scientific personnel, unique to the university, the basis of which is to attract young scientists to the scientific research actively conducted at the faculty. A characteristic feature of university physics education is its breadth, which allows a graduate of the physics department to freely and competently navigate any area of modern physics. At the same time, some students carry out scientific work in leading institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in many other scientific centers in Russia and the world.
Physicists who received their education at the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University have no problems finding work both in Russia and abroad. The most prestigious scientific laboratories and universities are open to them. Physicists also work successfully in other areas of human activity (medicine, ecology, economics, finance, business, management, etc.). And this is not surprising, since graduates of the department receive an excellent education in fundamental physics, higher mathematics and computer technology.
More detailed information about the faculty: Personal income (per scientist/teacher): 16600 USD
Number of defended dissertations/graduate diplomas: 0.14
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