RELATIVE CLAUSES

1 Underline any relative pronouns that can be left out in these sentences.

1 I think that my boss is the personwho I most admire.

2 Harry, who was tired, went to bed very early.

3 Were taking the train that leaves at 6.00.

4 Have you seen the book that I left here on the desk?

5 The film which we liked most was the French one.

6 My radio, which isn’t very old, has suddenly stopped working.

7 The clothes which you left behind are at the reception desk.

8 The couple who met me at the station took me out to dinner.

9 Last week I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for ages.

10 Don’t cook the meat that I put in the freezer - it’s for the dog.

2 Replace the relative pronouns initalics with that, where possible.

1 This is the magazine which I told you about.

... This is the magazine that I tild you about .............................

2 John's flat which is in the same block as mine, is much larger.

3 The girl whose bag I offered to carry turned out to be an old friend.

4 The policeman who arrested she had recognized her car.

5 I work with someone who knows you.

6 We don't sell goods which have been damaged.

7 Brighton which is on the south coast, is a popular holiday resort.

8 I don't know anyone whose clothes would fit you.

9 There's a cafe near here which serves very good meals.

10 People who park outside get given parking tickets.

3 Underline the most suitable word in each sentence.

1 My friend Jack, that/who / whose parents live in Glasgow, invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland.

2 Here's the computer program that/whom /whose I told you about.

3 I don't believe the story that/who /whom she told us.

4 Peter comes from Witney, that/who /which is near Oxford.

5 This is the gun with that/whom/which the murder was committed.

6 Have you received the parcel whom/whose /which we sent you?

7 Is this the person who/which /whose you asked me about?

8 That's the girl that/who /whose brother sits next to me at school.

9 The meal, that / which /whose wasn’t very tasty, was quite expensive.

10 We didn't enjoy the playthat/who /whose we went to see.

4 Put one suitable word in each space, or leave the space blank where possible.

MURDER AT THE STATION by Lorraine Small Episode 5: Trouble on the 6.15 The story so far:

Jane Platt, (1) ….who... is traveling to London because of a mysterious letter, is the only person (2)............................witnesses a murder at Victoria Station. The detective to (3)......................... she gives her statement then disappears. Jane goes to an office in Soho to answer the letter (4).................................she had received . There she discovers that her uncle Gordon, (5)................................. lives in South America, has sent her a small box (6)........................ she is only to open if in trouble. Jane,(7)......................... parents have never mentioned an Uncle Gordon, is suspicious of the box, (8)... ........................ she gives to her friend Tony. They go to Scotland Yard and see Inspector Groves, (9)...................has not heard of the Victoria Station murder, (10).................... was not reported to the police. Jane gives Inspector Groves the murdered man's ticket, (11)......................... she found beside his body. Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill, (12).................................. was. The town ( 13)......................... the murdered man had come from. On the train they meet a man, (14)....... ........................... face is somehow familiar to Jane, (15)............ ............ says he knows her Uncle Gordon …

5 Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the space blank where possible.

1 My bike, ...wich............ I had left at the gate, had disappeared.

2 The shoes........................ I bought were the ones...... .................... I tried on first.

3 The bag in........................the robbers put the money was found later.

4 The medicine........................the doctor gave me had no effect at all.

5 Peter,...................................couldn’t see the screen, decided to change his seat.

6 I really liked that tea........................ you made me this morning.

7 What was the name of your friend................................... tent we borrowed?

8 The flight........................................ Joe was leaving on was cancelled.

6 Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown.

1 The hotel was full of guests. The hotel was miles from anywhere. The guests hadgone there to admire the scenery.

The hotel, which. ..was miles from anywhere was full of guests who had gone there to admire the scenery......

2 I tape you a book. It was written by a friend of mine. She lives in France.

The book I................................................... ........................................................ ..........

3 A woman’s handbag was stolen. A police officer was staying in the same hotel. The woman was interviewed by him.

The woman whose................................................... ............................................

4 A goal was scored by a teenager. He had come on as substitute. This goal won the match.

The goal which........................................................ ........................................................ .....

5 I was sitting next to a boy in the exam. He told me the answers.

The boy I........................................................ ........................

6 My wallet contained over £100. It was found in the street by a schoolboy. He returned it.

My wallet......................................................... ........................................................ ............

7 My friend Albert has decided to buy a motorbike. His car was stolen last week. My friend Albert,................................................... ................................

8 Carol is a vegetarian. I cooked a meal for her last week. She enjoyed it. Carol................................................... ........................................................ ....................

7 Make one new sentence from each pair of sentences. Begin as shown, and use the word given in capitals.

	Brenda is a friend. I went on holiday with her. Brenda is... the friend who I went on holiday.................................
	This is Mr Smith. His son Bill plays in our team. This is Mr Smith................................................... .........................................	WHOSE
	Her book was published last year. It became a best seller. Her book................................................ ........................................................ ..	WHICH
	This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it. This is the bank from................................................... ........................................	WHICH
	I told you about a person. She is at the door. The person........................................ ...................................................
	Jack's car had broken down. He had to take a bus. Jack................................................... ........................................................ .........	WHOSE

8 Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown.

1 I got on a train. I wanted to go to a station. The train didn't stop there.

The train I.. got on didn"t stop at the station I wanted to go to ......................

2 I read a book. You recommended a book to me. This was the book.

The book I................................................... ........................................................ .......................

3 The ship hit an iceberg and sank. Warning messages had been sent to it. The ship ignored these.

The ship..................................................... ........................................................ ...........................

4 The postman realized I was on holiday. You had sent me a parcel. The postman left it next door.

The postman......................................................... ........................................................ ...................

5 I used to own a dog. People came to the door. The dog never barked at them. The dog I........................................................ ........................................................ ...........................

6 I bought my bike from a woman. She lives in a house. You can see the house over there.

The woman I................................................... ........................................................ ...................

7 We went to a beach on the first day of our holiday. It was covered in seaweed. This smelled a lot.

The beach we........................................................ ........................................................ ...............

8 My neighbors have three small children. The children make a lot of noise.

My neighbors never apologize.

My neighbors......................................................... ........................................................ ...............

9 I bought a new computer. It cost me a lot of money.

The new................................................ ........................................................ ...........................

9 These sentences are all grammatically possible, but not appropriate in speech. Rewrite each sentence so that it ends with the preposition in italics.

1 Margaret is the girl with whom I went on holiday.

... Margaret is the girl I went on holiday ..........................

2 The golf club is the only club of which I am a member.

3 That's the girl about whom we were talking.

4 It was a wonderful present, for which I was extremely grateful.

5 This is the school to which I used to go.

6 Is this the case in which we should put the wine glasses?

7 Can you move the chair on which you are sitting?

8 That's the shop from which I got my shoes.

9 Is that the person next to whom you usually sit?

10 This is Bill, about whom you have heard so much.

Example: Perhaps one day you will meet Britney Spears.
What would you do if you met Britney Spears?

1. Perhaps one day a cat will follow you home.
   What would you do...
2. Perhaps one day somebody will ask you to sing your favorite song.
   What would you do...
3. Perhaps one day you will find a hidden treasure.
   What would you do...
4. Perhaps one day somebody will throw an egg at you.
   What would you do...
5. Perhaps one day your car will be stolen.
   What would you do...

Task 2. Connect the parts of the sentences.

1. I would buy the ring	A. if it snows.
2. If I had taken my mother’s advice	B. I would study French.
3. If you help me	C. I wouldn’t have left the university.
4. We will go skiing	D. if it was cheaper.
5. If I had a lot of free time	E. I won’t be late for work.

Task 3. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.

1. If you drive so fast, you………(crash).
2. If I had had more time, I………(help) you.
3. If I had a yacht, I………often………(go) sailing.
4. I would travel a lot if I …………(have) a lot of money.

Task 4. From two options, choose one correct one.

1. If it rains/will rain, I will stay at home.
2. If I had a lot of money, I buy/I would buy a big house.
3. Jim would have entered the university if he had passed/has passed the exams.
4. If I were/would be you, I would tell him everything.

Task 5. Translate into English.

1. If I were you, I wouldn't buy this dress.
2. I'd give you a ride if I had a car.
3. If you hadn't forgotten your umbrella, you wouldn't have caught a cold.
4. If you had worked harder last year, you would now be fluent in English.

Answers with explanations

Exercise 1.

All sentences in this task describe imaginary (incredible/unlikely) situations, not real ones. In such cases it is used the second type of conditional sentences. In the second type of conditional sentences, the past simple is used in the subordinate part (condition), and the subjunctive form - would - is used in the main sentence (consequence).

1. What would you do if a cat followed you home?
2. What would you do if somebody asked you to sing your favorite song?
3. What would you do if you found a hidden treasure?
4. What would you do if someone threw an egg at you?
5. What would you do if your car was/were stolen? (in the subordinate part (condition) of conditional sentences it is permissible to use were instead of was)

Task 2.

D

Let's look at the translation: I would buy a ring... This is an imaginary situation, which means it is necessary to use the second type of conditional sentences - Past Simple in the subordinate clause (condition), would - in the main clause (consequence). In the first part of the sentence, the subjunctive form would is used, which means that from the answers we are looking for an option that is suitable in meaning in the form Past Simple. We choose if it was/were cheaper and remember that in the subordinate part (condition) of conditional sentences it is permissible to use were instead of was.

C

Let's look at the translation: If only I had listened to my mother's advice... Let's look at the design – had taken (Past Perfect). If the Past Perfect is used in the subordinate clause (condition), this indicates the third type of conditional sentences. In the third type, the construction would have (done) is used in the main clause. We are looking for a suitable option among the answers in terms of design and meaning. Choose I wouldn't have left the university.

E

Let's look at the translation: if you help me... Let's look at the design - If you help me (Present Simple). If the Present Simple is used in the subordinate clause (condition), this indicates the first type of conditional sentences. In the first type, the Future Simple tense is used in the main clause. We are looking for a suitable option among the answers in terms of design and meaning. Select I won’t be late for work.

A

Let's look at the translation: we'll go skiing... Let's look at the design - We will go skiing (Future Simple). If the Future Simple is used in the main part (consequence), this indicates the first type of conditional sentences. In the first type, the Present Simple is used in the subordinate clause. We are looking for a suitable option among the answers in terms of design and meaning. Select if it snows.

B

Let's look at the translation: if I had a lot of free time... This is an imaginary situation, which means it is necessary to use the second type of conditional sentences - Past Simple in the subordinate clause (condition), would - in the main clause (consequence). Let's look at the design - If I had a lot of free time (Past Simple). From the answers we select the option that is suitable in meaning and design. Select I would study French.

Task 3.

1. will crash

   Let's translate the proposal: If you drive that fast, you'll crash. This is a very real, feasible assumption, which means it is the first type of conditional sentence. Next we look at the design – If you drive so fast (Present Simple). If the Present Simple is used in the subordinate clause (condition), this again indicates the first type of conditional sentences. In the first type, the tense Future Simple – will crash is used in the main clause.

2. would have helped

   Let's translate the proposal: If I had more time... Let's look at the design - had had more time (Past Perfect). If the Past Perfect is used in the subordinate clause (condition), this indicates the third type of conditional sentences. In the third type, the construction would have (done) is used in the main clause. Therefore, the correct form is would have helped.

3. would often go

   Let's translate the proposal: If I had a yacht... This is an imaginary situation, which means it is necessary to use the second type of conditional sentences - Past Simple in the subordinate clause (condition), would - in the main clause (consequence). In the subordinate part, Past Simple is used - if I had a yacht, which again confirms that this is the second type of conditional sentences. Therefore, the correct form is would often go.

had

Let's translate the proposal: I would travel a lot if... This is an imaginary situation, which means it is necessary to use the second type of conditional sentences - Past Simple in the subordinate clause (condition), would - in the main clause (consequence). Therefore, the correct form is had.

Task 4.

1. rains

   Let's look at the construction in the main clause - will stay (Future Simple). This means that in the subordinate clause we choose Present Simple, since this is the first type of conditional sentences (a very real, feasible assumption).

2. would

   Let's look at the construction in the subordinate clause - had a lot of money (Past Simple). This means that in the main sentence we choose would buy, since this is the second type of conditional sentences (an imaginary situation).

3. had passed

   We look at the construction in the main clause - would have entered. It corresponds to the third type of conditional sentences (assumptions relating to the past). In the third type, the Past Perfect – had passed – is used in the subordinate clause.

were

Let's look at the construction in the main clause - would tell. This construction corresponds to the second type of conditional sentences, where the Past Simple is used in the subordinate part. Moreover, in the conditional part one can see the combination - If I were you (if I were in your place).

Task 5.

1. If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this dress.

   This is an imaginary situation, so the second type of conditional sentences is used (Past Simple is used in the condition, would - in the consequence. It is also necessary to pay attention to the expression If I were you (if I were in your place).

2. I would give you a lift if I had a car.

   This is an imaginary situation, so the second type of conditional sentences is used (Past Simple is used in the condition, would - in the consequence).

3. If you hadn’t forgotten the umbrella, you wouldn’t have caught a cold.

   This is a conditional sentence of the third type, which expresses an assumption related to the past and which is impossible to fulfill. In the subordinate clause (condition) the Past Perfect is used, and as a consequence – would have (done).

4. If you had worked harder last year, you would know English well now.

   This is a conditional offer formed from elements of the second and third types. Sometimes a condition can refer to the past and a consequence to the present/future or vice versa. In this sentence, the condition refers to the past, so we use Past Perfect (had worked). At the same time, the main clause refers to the present, so we use would know.

For example. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.

If you are free, I shall come to see you.

If you were free, I should come to see you.

If you had been free, I should have come to see you.

If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.

If I see her, I shall be glad.

If I saw her, I should be glad.

If I had seen her, I should have been glad.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Answers: 1.1)If you are busy, I shall leave you alone. 2) If you were busy, I should leave you alone. 3)If you had been busy, I should have left you alone. 2. 1) If my friend comes to see me, I shall be very glad. - If a friend comes, I will be glad. 2) If my friend came to see me, I should be very glad. - If a friend came, I would be glad. (dream) 3) If my friend had to come to see me, I should have been very glad. — If a friend had come (but he didn’t), I would have been glad. (regret) 3. 1) If mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea party. 2) If mother bought a cake, we should have a very nice tea party. 3) If mother had bought a cake, we should have had a very nice tea party. 4. 1) If we receive a telegram from him, we shall not worry. 2) If we received a telegram from him, we should not worry. 3)If we had received a telegram from him, we should not have worried. 5. 1)If you don’t work systematically, you will fail the exam. 2) If you did not work systematically, you would fail the exam. 3)If you had not worked systematically, you would have failed the exam. 6. 1)If I live in Moscow, I shall visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 2) If I lived in Moscow, I should visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 3) If I had lived in Moscow, I should have visited the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. 1) If I get a ticket, I shall go to the Philharmonic. 2) If I got a ticket, I should go to the Philharmonic. 3) If I had got a ticket, I should have gone to the Philharmonic. 8. 1) If I live near a wood, I shall gather a lot of mushrooms. 2) If I lived near a wood, I should gather a lot of mushrooms. 3) If I had lived near a wood, I should have gathered a lot of mushrooms. 9. 1) If my father returns early, we shall watch TV together. 2) If my father returned early, we should watch TV together. 3) If my father had returned early, we should have watched TV together. 10. 1) If she knows English, she will try to enter the university. 2) If she knew English, she would try to enter the university. 3) If she had known English, she would have tried to enter the university.

Exercise 2. Rewrite each of the following sentences twice, forming sentences of an unreal condition: a) relating to the present or future (II type); b) related to the past (III type).

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 3. If he doesn’t come in time, shall we have to wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be. obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don’t come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don’t ring him up?

Answers: 1.1) I were not too busy, I should go to the concert. 2) If I had not been too busy, I should have gone to the concert. 2. 1) They would all be surprised if I made such a mistake. 2) They would all have been very surprised if I had made such a mistake. 3. 1)If he didn’t come in time, should we have to wait for him? 2) If he hadn’t come in time, should we have had to wait for him? 4. 1) If no one came to help, we should be obliged to do the work ourselves. 2) If no one had come to help, we should have been obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. 1)If you put on your glasses, you would see better. 2)f you had put on your glasses, you would have seen better. 6. 1)What should we do if they were late? 2) What should we have done if they had been late? 7. 1)Would you be very angry if we didn’t come? 2) Would you have been very angry if we hadn’t come? 8. 1)Would he be very displeased if I didn’t ring him up? 2) Would he have been very displeased if I hadn’t rung him up?

Exercise 3. Open the brackets using the verbs in the required form.

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so careless about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Answers: 1. He wouldn't have. 2. You give. 3. She weren't. 4. We shall spend. 5. They had not gone. 6. You don't get. 7. You would consult. 8. I had. 9. It rains. 10. He had worked. 11. I shall not put. 12. I should have written. 13. He did not read. 14. My friend is.

Exercise 4. Form conditional sentences.

1. Not is busy and does not come to see us. If... 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If... 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If... 4. He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I did not come to see you. If... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that’s why it struck a rock. If... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If... 9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If... 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If... 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If... 12. I was expecting my friend to come, that’s why I could not go to the cinema with you. If... 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favorite subject and he works a lot at it. If... 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dictionary. If... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If... 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why I took a taxi. If...

Answers: 1. If he were not busy, he would come to see us. 2. If the girl had studied well last year, she would not have received bad marks. 3. If he had not broken his bicycle, he would have gone to the country. 4. If he had (more) practice, he would speak English better. 5. If I had not had a bad headache yesterday, I should have come to see you. 6. If the ship had not sailed near the coast, it would not have struck a rock. 7. If he had been in town, he would have been present at our meeting. 8. If the pavement had not been so slippery, I should not have fallen and hurt my leg. 9. If the sea were not (so) rough, we should (could) sail to the island. 10. If they had not made a fire, the wolves would not have run away. 11. If it were not late, I should not have to go home. 12. If I had not expected my friend to come, I should (could) have gone to the cinema with you. 13. If mathematics were not his favorite subject and he did not work a lot at it, he would not always get top marks. 14. If I had a dictionary, I should have translated the article yesterday. 15. If the night had not been pitch-dark, we should not have lost our way. 16. If the box had not been so heavy, (I could have carried it and) I should not have taken a taxi.

Exercise 5. Open the parentheses, using the required form of the subjunctive mood after “I wish.”

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive. 6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Spanish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in the future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday’s party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don’t you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Answers: 1. I had. 2. I had consulted. 3. It were. 4. I didn't have tape. 5. You sent. 6. I didn't have. 7. You had gone. 8. I knew. 9. I was not drunk. 10. You read. 11. I had never suggested. 12. I had been. 13. We met. 14. You had seen. 15. They didn't see. 16. He had not forgotten.

Exercise 6. Paraphrase the following sentences using “I wish”.

E.g. It's a pity you are ill.

I wish you weren't ill.

1. Unfortunately they won’t return before Christmas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor knowledge at the exam. 3. It’s a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It’s a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have enough time to finish his paper. 7. It’s a pity we shan’t be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don’t know enough physics.

Answers: 1.I wish they returned before Christmas. 2. The student wished he had studied the material better and shown better knowledge at the exam. 3. I wish you had sent for us last night. 4. I wish you were with us these days. 5. My friend wishes he had entered the university. 6. He wished he had enough time to finish his paper. 7. I wish we were able to reach home before teatime. 8. I wish I had not made you upset by telling you this news. 9. I wish you knew enough physics.

Exercise 7. Translate into English using “I wish”.

• 1. a) It’s a pity that he’s so frivolous
• b) It’s a pity that he is not serious enough.
• 2. a) I now regret that I did not listen to his advice,
• b) I now regret that I followed his advice.
• 3. a) It’s a pity that you came so late,
• b) It’s a pity that you didn’t come earlier.
• 4. a) It’s a shame that we left before he arrived.
• b) It’s a shame that we didn’t wait for his arrival.
• 5. a) Unfortunately, they don’t know anything yet,
• b) Unfortunately, they already know about this.

Answers: 1.a) I wish he were not so light-minded. b) I wish he were more serious. 2. a) Now I wish I had listened to his advice (had followed his advice). b) Now I wish I had not followed his advice. 3. a) I wish you had not come so late. b) I wish you had come earlier. 4. a) I wish we had not gone before he came. b) I wish we had waited till he came. 5. a) I wish they knew it already. b) I wish they did not know about it.

Exercise 8. Translate into English using “I wish”.

1. Oh, if you had told her about this last Sunday! 2. It would be nice if we had a vacation now. 3. If only he would come tonight! 4. We regretted not asking him for advice. 5. It’s a pity that you refused to take part in the picnic. 6. It’s a pity that you are not interested in this subject. 7. We would like you to mention these facts. 8. It’s a pity that we missed the train. 9. It’s a pity that you turned on the TV so late. 10. If only I were free now! 11. It’s a pity that I didn’t have much time yesterday. 12. It would be nice if you wrote to her about this yourself. 13. It’s a pity that you didn’t pay attention to his warning. 14. He regretted leaving the university. 15. It’s a pity that it’s too late to go there. 16. Oh, if only I had arrived at the station on time! 17. It’s a pity that you haven’t read such a wonderful book. 18. It’s a pity that she makes so many mistakes in her speech. 19. It’s a pity that you didn’t visit the exhibition. 20. It’s a pity that I found out about this so late. 21. What a pity that we didn’t find Kolya at home. 22. She regretted that she had not told us this story earlier.

Answers: 1. Oh, how I wish you had told her about it last Sunday! 2. I wish we had holidays now. 3. Oh, I wish he came tonight! 4. We wished we had asked his advice. 5. I wish you had not refused to take part in the picnic. 6. I wish you were interested in this subject. 7. We wish you mentioned these facts. 8. I wish we had not missed the train. 9. I wish you had turned on the TV earlier. 10. I wish I were free now! 11. I wish I had had more time yesterday. 12. I wish you wrote her about it yourself. 13. I wish you had paid attention to his warning. 14. He wished he had not left the university. 15. I wish it were not too late to go there. 16. Oh, how I wish I had come to the railway station on time! 17. I wish you had read this wonderful book. 18. I wish she did not make so many mistakes in her speech. 19. I wish you had visited the exhibition. 20. I wish I had learned about it earlier. 21. I wish we had found Nick at home. 22. She wished she had told us this story before.

pay attention to mixed cases the use of tenses in conditional sentences of type II and III:

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have run him up yesterday.

The condition refers to the present tense (type II), and the consequence refers to the past (type III).

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

The condition refers to the past tense (type III), and the consequence refers to the present (type II).

Exercise 9. Form conditional sentences. Don't forget about mixed cases.

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a toothache. If... 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled. If... 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If... 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress rehearsal. If … 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If... 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If... 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If... 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If... 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to understand this difficult material. If... 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If... 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If... 12. She won’t try to enter the foreign languages ​​department because she is not good at foreign languages. If...

Answers: 1. If I did not have a toothache, I should not go to the dentist. 2. If he had gone to the dentist to have his tooth filled, he would not be groaning with pain now. 3. If she needed some treatment, she would go to the polyclinic. 4. If he had not been present at the dress rehearsal, he would go to see the play. 5. If he were not fond of this famous singer, he would not have gone to Moscow specially to hear him. 6. If we had been thirsty, we should have gone to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade. 7. If she had had a needle, she would (could) have mended her dress herself. 8. If he had trained enough last year, he would be a first-class sportsman now. 9. If the pupils had not wanted to understand this difficult material, they would not have been so active. 10. If the pupils had been more attentive, they would have understood the homework. 11. If the pupils had not worked hard, they would not have done well in their exams. 12. If she were good at foreign languages, she would try to enter the foreign languages ​​department.

Exercise 10. Translate into English.

1. He has changed so much! If you met him, you wouldn't recognize him. 2. If I were you, I would consult with my parents. 3. If the tram arrived now, we wouldn’t be late. 4. If he knew that this would upset you, he would be more careful. 5. If you could help me solve this problem, I would be very grateful to you. 6. It’s a pity that it didn’t occur to us to look for the book in the library earlier. We would have done the work on time and would now be free. 7. It’s a pity that we had so few lessons. If we worked more, we would know the language better. 8. If he had not regularly attended sports training, he would not have achieved such success in competitions. 9. If you had warned me in advance, I would have already been in Moscow. 10. It’s a pity that she has already left. If you had called earlier, she would be here now. 11. If he had been smarter, he would not have gone into the forest yesterday. 12. If she had not sent this letter yesterday, my brother would be at home now. 13. What would we do now if mom hadn’t baked a pie yesterday? 14. It’s a pity that you haven’t heard Rachmaninov’s music. If you had heard it, you would know what a wonderful composer he is. 15. I am sure that everyone would be happy if the evening took place.

Answers: 1. He has changed so much! If you met him, you would not recognize him. 2. If I were you, I should consult my parents. 3. If a tram came now, we should not be late. 4. If he had known that this would upset you, he would have been more careful. 5. If you helped me to solve this problem, I should be very grateful to you. 6. I wish it had occurred to us before looking for the book in the library. We should have done the work in time and now we should be free, 7. I wish we had had more lessons. If we had worked more, we should know the language better. 8. If he had not attended sports trainings regularly, he would not have achieved such success in the competitions. 9. If you had warned me before, I should already be in Moscow. 10. I wish she had not gone. If you had called before, she would be here now. 11. If he were cleverer, he would not have gone to the wood yesterday. 12. If she had not sent this letter yesterday, my brother would be at home now. 13. What should we be doing now if mother had not baked a pie yesterday? 14. I wish you had heard Rakhmaninov’s music. If you had heard it, you would know what a wonderful composer he was. 15. I am sure that everyone would be glad if the party took place.

Let's remember how to correctly construct conditional sentences in English. Exercises with answers, translations and explanations for each task. Here you will find 3 types of exercises:

• Choose the appropriate one from the proposed options so that you get a grammatically correct conditional sentence.
• Substitute the verb in the required form for the ellipsis.
• Translate conditional sentences from Russian into English.

After completing the task, click on “Show correct answer” and check your answer with the correct one.

If in some task you come across an unfamiliar English word, you just need to double-click on it to get a translation.

You will find a detailed explanation of the rules for constructing conditional sentences in this article.

Exercise 1.

Next to each task you see two answer options. Select the appropriate option, and then click on the "Show correct answer..." button and check the correct answer.

Exercise 2.

In the conditional sentences below, open the brackets by using the verb in the conditional form. Enter your answer into the text box and then compare it with the correct answer. If necessary, add auxiliary verbs will, would, had.

Exercises 3.

Open the brackets to form the correct conditional sentence. If necessary, add auxiliary verbs will, would, had.

Exercises 4.

Open the brackets to make the correct sentence. If necessary, add auxiliary verbs will, would, had.

Exercises 5.

Translate conditional sentences from Russian into English. Compare your translation with the correct answer.

Exercises on the topic: “Conditional sentences of type 1”

1 translate

1) If I am late for work, my chief is angry.
2) A person doesn't eat meat if he/she is a vegetarian.
3) If I get up early, my father drives me to school.
4) Everything is wet if it rains.

2 translate

1. If you want a good job, you must study well.
   2) You shouldn't eat a lot if you want to lose weight.
   3) If you store coffee in the freezer, the aroma lasts longer.
   4) The dog is happy when he sees his owner

1. Find the right option

1. If it______, we won't go to the park.

a) will rain
b) rains
c) will not rain
d) doesn't rain

2. You won't pass the exam,______ you work hard.

a) if
b) when
c) unless
d) soon as

3.When we_____ ready, I’ll call you.

a) will be
b) are

4. You will pay back, as soon as you_____ a new job.

a) find
b) will find

5. I will see you when you______ in Moscow next time.

a) are
b) will be

6. What will you do when you______ out the truth?

a) will find out
b) have found out
c) find out

4 open the brackets

1. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.
2. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.
3. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone.
4. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year.
5. If she(to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.
6. If mother(to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea part